HomeMy WebLinkAboutZOA-04-04City of
Wheat ge
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Memorandum
TO: Case No. ZOA-04-04/Lighting standards
FROM: Meredith Reckert
DATE: March 17, 2008
SUBJECT: File closure
Please be advised that this case is being closed due to lack of political support.
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2006
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effective regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section 1. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts; to provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites; to minimize
the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses; and to
provide an environmentally sensitive nighttime environment that include the ability to
view the stars against a dark sky so that people can see the Milky Way Galaxy from
residential and other appropriate viewing areas. vkvzv '6'A Yes.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses. (,~W5 ivy Conn' .
ZUr\tS
a12 1. Low wattage porch or ground lights are permitted. All other lights shall be
2 e aimed or shielded such that off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of
use? ` 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15) feet past the property line on any adjacent r~ion-
~i-esidentia&i roperty, and 0.1 foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line
adjacent to residential property or public right-of-way, as measurable from
any orientation of the measuring device.
2. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be fifteen
(15) feet in the R-1, R-lA, R-113, R-1 C, and R-2 zone districts and in the A-
1 and A-2 zone districts.
Each exterior entrance is permitted a total of eighty (80) watts
incandescent OR forty (40) watts fluorescent lights to serve as porch or
entry lighting. These entry lights must be attached to the structure or
within ten (10) feet of the entrance, and shall be exempt from the light
spillover trespass requirements of this section. Lights used for temporary
holiday decorations are exempt from the requirements of this section.
C. Lighting Standards for All Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family uses shall meet the
following standards:
External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb, lens or reflector) is not visible from any adjacent
property, except for approved streetscape lighting, temporary holiday
decorations, or as otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent[on-residentia71roperty, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb may be visible beyond two mounting heights from the
fixture.
4. If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
2
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's TES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
6. The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fagade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
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b. Building facade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully D°
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated and shall not be aimed at a
reflective surface.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
7. Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less, or the equivalent lumens output from another permitted bulb
type, may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be:
a. Fifteen (15) feet in the R-2A, R-3 and R-3A zone districts. s ~,rjA*_
Wry b. Twenty (20) feet for all uses adjacent to residential use G~~S So
c. Twenty-five (25) feet in commercial and industrial zone istrictc)- QQ
~F d. Sixty (60) feet for outdoor recreation facilities regardless of zone districC)
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III, Type
IV or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with shielding
on the side facing the residential or public right-of-way property line.
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
-Incandescent
OLED as allowed type bulb
D. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
1. Mercury vapor lamp
2. Blinking, strobe, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs,
except for temporary holiday displays.
3. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces JK6U'
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
E. Special Lighting Situations
Parking Lots
Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for parking lot
areas. Maximurn foot-candles shall not exceed five (5) foot-candles for
parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses.
2. Display Lot or Storage Areas Associated with such uses as auto sales
Ov~
Maximum on-site fot-candles s II not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles for
special display areas adjacent to streets and ten (10) foot-candles for all
other areas or rows.
Canopies
a. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles under
canopies of service stations and convenience stores or similar approved
uses, including luminaires mounted under the canopy and lighting within
signage or panels over the pumps.
b. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles under
drive-through canopies or awnings.
c. Lighting for all new canopies shall be installed such that the bottom of
the light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or mounted
flush with the bottom surface of the canopy. All light emitted by an
under-canopy fixture shall be substantially confined to the ground
surface directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy.
c. The provisions of subsection G, amortization, shall not apply to
existing canopy lighting which is not recessed or flush mounted, as
described in subsection 3(c). Canopy lighting shall still be subject to
subsection 3(a) and 3(b), whether the fixture or lens is recessed or
flush mounted or not.
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
6. Street Lighting
Existing lighting within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section; however,
any new or replacement lighting shall be subject to the provisions of
Sections C(3) and C(10).
F. Lighting Plans Required
A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which YV-W D~ a1 "S
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include: `6s
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within ten (10) feet of the subject proper
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed a existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f. Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
fifteen (15) feet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
G. Amortization
All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on the
effective date hereof which do not meet the requirements of this chapter are
deemed to be nonconforming outdoor lighting fixtures. Any nonconforming
outdoor lighting fixture shall conform to the provisions of this section within
five (5) years of the effective date hereof.
2. Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the five-year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or bulbs
shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
a. Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light Fixtures: Existing
unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures shall be removed or replaced
with a light that meets the requirement of this section by December 31,
2008.
b. Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance with this section
can be achieved by replacement of a light bulb, the light bulb shall be
replaced with one that meets the requirements of this section upon its
failure or on December 31, 2007, whichever is earlier.
c. Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with this section can
be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such fixture shall be reaimed by
December 31, 2007.
d. All lights for non-residential uses adjacent to residential uses must be
retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light conforms to IES
criteria for true cut-off fixtures by December 31, 2008.
H. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and Q
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify 1 'V Sa~QS
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
7
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA - The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer - A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
I() cio. 8b lw~ = l
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(I) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
P~,,,b1jv
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for activetecreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of lighten a small
area. tS r o~ 5~ bJ~Lj
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which[does not conforrri to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
Section 4. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after final
publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADO n first reading by a vote of
to on this day of 006 rdered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City o eat Ri Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for 006 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat i ge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second a mal
reading by a vote of to , this day of 200
SIGNED by the Mayor on this day of (:&6D
D
JERRY DiTULLIO, MAYOR
ATTEST:
Pamela Y AndPr on GAy Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
ATTORNEY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
1 st Publication:
2nd Publication:
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
10
8. PUBLIC HEARING
A. Case No. ZOA-04-04 - An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of
the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws pertaining to outdoor lighting
standards.
Since there were no members of the public present to address the matter, Chair
WESLEY closed public comment.
It was moved by Commissioner PLUMMER and seconded by Commissioner
McMILLIN to recommend approval of Case No. ZOA-04-04, an ordinance
which will amend Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws, for the
following reasons:
1. The existing lighting standards are not quantifiable and are difficult
to enforce.
2. A problem concerning light pollution has been identified and staff
feels stricter regulations are needed.
3. The proposed changes should diminish light pollution and allow staff
to identify offenders.
With following changes:
1. Allowable bulbs for lighting should include LED's.
2. Amortization deadlines for items (b) and (c) on page 7 should be
changed to be effective one year after ratification; and items (a) and
(d) should be changed to be effective two years after ratification.
The motion passed 7-0 with Commissioner BRINKMAN absent.
9. OLD BUSINESS
• Commissioner WESLEY expressed appreciation for the turn light at 32nd and
Wadsworth.
• Meredith Reckert encouraged Commissioners to attend the Wadsworth subarea
meeting on Tuesday night. Commissioners were also encouraged to attend a
meeting the last week in October concerning the Orchard District subarea plan.
10. NEW BUSINESS
A. Traditional Schools vs. Trade Schools (This item was removed from
the agenda.)
11. COMMISSION REPORTS
There were no Commission reports.
Planning Commission
September 21, 2006 -3 -
City of Wheat Ridge of WHEgTP
Community Development Department = °
U m
Memorandum CSC pRA~~
TO: Planning Commission
FROM: Travis Crane, Planner II-f6
SUBJECT: ZOA-04-04/Lighting Standards
DATE: 1 September 2006
This case is: Quasi-Judicial X : Legislative
Per direction given by Planning Commission, the zoning ordinance amendment regarding changes to
Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws has been re-introduced for examination at public
hearing. In 2004, staff created an ad-hoc committee to examine the lighting regulations. The result of
this work is the revision to Section 26-503. The proposed changes as recommended by the ad-hoc
committee establish measurable standards for all outdoor lighting. A copy of the proposed language
has been included as Exhibit 1 for your reference. There have been no changes made to the language
since the last Planning Commission public hearing in January of 2005.
Planning Commission directed staff to bring the proposed changes back to another public hearing to
further examine specific lighting types allowed.
Recommended Motion
"I move to recommend approval of case number ZOA-04-04, an ordinance which will amend
Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws, for the following reasons:
1. The existing lighting standards are not quantifiable and are difficult to enforce.
2. A problem concerning light pollution has been identified, and staff feels more strict
regulations are needed.
3. The proposed changes should diminish light pollution and allow staff to identify
offenders.
with the following changes:
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2006
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effective regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section I. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts; to provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites; to minimize
the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses; and to
provide an environmentally sensitive nighttime environment that include the ability to
view the stars against a dark sky so that people can see the Milky Way Galaxy from
residential and other appropriate viewing areas.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses.
EXHIBIT I
Low wattage porch or ground lights are permitted. All other lights shall be
aimed or shielded such that off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of
0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15) feet past the property line on any adjacent non-
residential property, and 0.1 foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line
adjacent to residential property or public right-of-way, as measurable from
any orientation of the measuring device.
2. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be fifteen
(15) feet in the R-l, R-lA, R-1B, R-1C, and R-2 zone districts and in the A-
1 and A-2 zone districts.
3. Each exterior entrance is permitted a total of eighty (80) watts
incandescent OR forty (40) watts fluorescent lights to serve as porch or
entry lighting. These entry lights must be attached to the structure or
within ten (10) feet of the entrance, and shall be exempt from the light
spillover trespass requirements of this section. Lights used for temporary
holiday decorations are exempt from the requirements of this section.
C. Lighting Standards for All Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family uses shall meet the
following standards:
External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb, lens or reflector) is not visible from any adjacent
property, except for approved streetscape lighting, temporary holiday
decorations, or as otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential property, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
3. Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb may be visible beyond two mounting heights from the
fixture.
4. If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's IES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
5. All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
6. The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fagade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
b. Building fagade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated and shall not be aimed at a
reflective surface.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less, or the equivalent lumens output from another permitted bulb
type, may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be:
a. Fifteen (15) feet in the R-2A, R-3 and R-3A zone districts.
b. Twenty (20) feet for all uses adjacent to residential uses
c. Twenty-five (25) feet in commercial and industrial zone districts
d. Sixty (60) feet for outdoor recreation facilities regardless of zone district
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III, Type
IV or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with shielding
on the side facing the residential or public right-of-way property line.
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
• Incandescent
leD d-s a lvaW.4-1~r~b
D. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
Mercury vapor lamps
2. Blinking, strobe, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs,
except for temporary holiday displays.
3. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
5. Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
E. Special Lighting Situations
1. Parking Lots
Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for parking lot
areas. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed five (5) foot-candles for
parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses.
Display Lot or Storage Areas Associated with such uses as auto sales
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles for
special display areas adjacent to streets and ten (10) foot-candles for all
other areas or rows.
Canopies
a. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles under
canopies of service stations and convenience stores or similar approved
uses, including luminaires mounted under the canopy and lighting within
signage or panels over the pumps.
b. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles under
drive-through canopies or awnings.
c. Lighting for all new canopies shall be installed such that the bottom of
the light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or mounted
flush with the bottom surface of the canopy. All light emitted by an
under-canopy fixture shall be substantially confined to the ground
surface directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy.
c. The provisions of subsection G, amortization, shall not apply to
existing canopy lighting which is not recessed or flush mounted, as
described in subsection 3(c). Canopy lighting shall still be subject to
subsection 3(a) and 3(b), whether the fixture or lens is recessed or
flush mounted or not.
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
5. Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
6. Street Lighting
Existing lighting within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section; however,
any new or replacement lighting shall be subject to the provisions of
Sections C(3) and C(10).
F. Lighting Plans Required
1. A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within ten (10) feet of the subject property.
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property; .
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f. Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
fifteen (15) feet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
G. Amortization
1. All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on the
effective date hereof which do not meet the requirements of this chapter are
deemed to be nonconforming outdoor lighting fixtures. Any nonconforming
outdoor lighting fixture shall conform to the provisions of this section within
five (5) years of the effective date hereof.
Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the five-year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or bulbs
shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
a. Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light Fixtures: Existing
unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures shall be removed or replaced
with a light that meets the requirement of this section by December 31,
-2DQ&• Z is o 8
b. Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance with this section
can be achieved by replacement of a light bulb, the light bulb shall be
replaced with one that meets the requirements of this section upon its
failure or on December 31,29&5, whichever is earlier.
2450 +
c. Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with this section can
be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such fixture shall be reaimed by
December 31, 366-5 -ZZ6q
d. All lights for non-residential uses adjacent to residential uses must be
retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light conforms to IES
criteria for true cut-off fixtures by December 31,-2906-
Za
H. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
7 k
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA -The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a.unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer- A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light.
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(1) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small
area.
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
9
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
Section 4. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after final
publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADOPTED on first reading by a vote of
to on this day of 2006, ordered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Wheat Ridge and Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for 2006, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second and final
reading by a vote of to , this day of 2006
SIGNED by the Mayor on this day of 2006
JERRY DiTULLIO, MAYOR
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
ATTORNEY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
1 st Publication:
2nd Publication:
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
10
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
Notice is hereby given that a Public Hearing is to be held before the City of Wheat Ridge
PLANNING COMMISSION on September 7, 2006, at 7:00 p.m. in the City Council
Chambers of the Municipal Building at 7500 West 29`h Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
All interested citizens are invited to speak at the Public Hearing or submit written
comments. The following case shall be heard:
Case No. ZOA-04-04: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge
Code of Laws pertaining to outdoor lighting standards.
Kathy Field, Administrative Assistant
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
To Be Published: Wheat Ridge Transcript
Date: August 31, 2006
6. PUBLIC FORUM
There were none present who wished to address the Commission during this portion of the
meeting.
7. PUBLIC HEARING
A. Case No. ZOA-04-04: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge Code
W of Laws pertaining to outdoor lighting standards.
This ordinance was reviewed at the last regular Planning Commission meeting and was
continued for further clarification of the changes. Those changes are included in the revised
ordinance.
The case was presented by Alan White. He advised the Commission there was jurisdiction to
hear the case and then reviewed the staff report.
Commissioner McMILLIN questioned the light measurements of 22 foot-candles in the
Applewood Shopping Center. He expressed concern that this shopping center is very dark and
the ordinance, which requires 10 foot-candles for parking lots, would reduce the measured foot
candles by half. He suggested taking an average of measurements from the brightest spot and
the darkest spot.
Commissioner SCEZNEY commented that the most important factor to consider is how
lighting affects adjacent properties.
Commissioner McMILLIN expressed appreciation to staff for their hard work on this
ordinance.
Chair PLUMMER asked to hear from members of the public.
Lola Wilcox
4471 West 27`h Avenue
Ms. Wilcox is a member of the Lighting Committee. She felt that taking two measurements for
an average is problematic. The committee recommended foot candles that seemed most
reasonable.
Commissioner McMILLIN stated that averaging would not apply to light spillover to adjacent
properties, but would address situations with uneven lighting.
Gretchen Cerveny
3425 Moore Street
Ms. Cerveny, Mayor of Wheat Ridge, expressed appreciation to the Lighting Committee and
the Planning Commission for addressing the lighting issue. She commented that lighting
complaints usually deal with light spillover. She expressed concern that parking areas have
adequate lighting for safety reasons. She also expressed concern that the ordinance could make
Planning Commission Page 2
January 20, 2005
the recently installed city lighting, such as along 38`x' Avenue, illegal and cause a financial
burden to the city for lighting replacement.
Commissioner McMILLIN commented that the ordinance won't require replacement of the
lights, but any new lighting would have to conform to the ordinance.
Mayor Cerveny stated that she would like to see any new lighting look the same as that already
installed.
Chair PLUMMER commented that shields could be placed on existing lights without a great
deal of expense. New lighting could look the same and still conform to the new lighting
standards.
There was discussion about giving direction to staff to research and report on options for
retrofitting existing street and pedestrian lights
It was moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and seconded by Commissioner WESLEY
that the ordinance be amended under Section E, 1 "Parking Lots" to read: Maximum
foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for parking lots measured as an
average of readings taken directly under a main lighting standard and directly between
two lighting standards in the interior of the parking lot. The motion passed 3-2 with
Commissioners CHILVERS and SCEZNEY voting no and Commissioners STEWART
and WITT absent.
It was moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and seconded by Commissioner WESLEY
L that Case No. ZOA-03-18, proposed amendments to Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge Code
of Laws regarding the sign code, be approved with the amendment to Section E, 1. The
motion passed 5-0 with Commissioners STEWART and WITT absent.
B. Case No. ZOA-03-18: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge Code
of Laws pertaining to signage.
This case was presented by Meredith Reckert. There was jurisdiction to hear the case and Ms
Reckert reviewed the staff report.
Time limits on the display of political signs and number of signs allowed per candidate or issue
were discussed and whether or not time limits would infringe upon freedom of speech.
Commissioner WESLEY suggested that the city attorney research case law regarding such
limitations and their relation to freedom of speech.
Amortization for nonconforming signs was discussed. Commissioner CHILVERS commented
that it is important to reach a long-term solution to nonconforming signs in the city.
Commissioner WESLEY suggested defining political campaign signs which would be different
than political signs.
Chair PLUMMER asked to hear from members of the public.
Planning Commission Page 3
January 20, 2005
PUBLIC HEARING ROSTER
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT
January 20, 2005
Case No. ZOA-04-04: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws
pertaining to outdoor lighting standards
(Please print)
Name Address In Favor/Opposed
00.v1-p- :C~alkekv i` Il(po `)VZyiv~(5 S~ 41 70b llwm IN)
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City of Wheat Ridge
Community Development Department
Memorandum
TO: Planning Commission
FROM: Travis Crane, Planner\6r--~
SUBJECT: Case No. ZOA 04-04, Outdoor Lighting Standards
DATE: 14 January 2005
This Case is: Quasi-judicial X Legislative
This is a public hearing item and the required public notice was given.
v
This ordinance was reviewed at the last regular Planning Commission meeting. The item was
continued for further clarification of the changes. Attached is the revised ordinance, with the latest
clarifications shown in bold text.
Suggested Motion
"I move to approve Case Number ZOA-04-04, a proposed amendment to Section 26-503 of the
Wheat Ridge Code of Laws concerning exterior light standards, for the following reasons:
1. The existing lighting standards are not quantifiable and difficult to enforce.
2. A problem concerning light pollution has been identified, and staff feels more strict
regulations are needed.
3. The proposed changes should diminish light pollution and allow staff to identify
offenders."
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2004
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effective regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section 1. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts; to provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites; to minimize
the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses; and to
provide an environmentally sensitive nighttime environment that include the ability to
view the stars against a dark sky so that people can see the Milky Way Galaxy from
residential and other appropriate viewing areas.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses.
1. Low wattage porch or ground lights are permitted. All other lights shall be
aimed or shielded such that off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of
0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15) feet past the property line on any adjacent non-
residential property, and 0.1 foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line
adjacent to residential property or public right-of-way, as measurable from
any orientation of the measuring device.
2. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be fifteen
(15) feet in the R-1, R-1A, R-113, R-1C, and R-2 zone districts and in the A-
1 and A-2 zone districts.
Each exterior entrance is permitted a total of eighty (80) watts
incandescent OR forty (40) watts fluorescent lights to serve as porch or
entry lighting. These entry lights must be attached to the structure or
within ten (10) feet of the entrance, and shall be exempt from the light
spillover trespass requirements of this section. Lights used for temporary
holiday decorations are exempt from the requirements of this section.
C. Lighting Standards for All Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family uses shall meet the
following standards:
External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb, lens or reflector) is not visible from any adjacent
property, except for approved streetscape lighting, temporary holiday
decorations, or as otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential property, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb may be visible beyond two mounting heights from the
fixture.
4. If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's IES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fagade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
b. Building fagade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated and shall not be aimed at a
reflective surface.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less, or the equivalent lumens output from another permitted bulb
type, may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be:
a. Fifteen (15) feet in the R-2A, R-3 and R-3A zone districts.
b. Twenty (20) feet for all uses adjacent to residential uses
c. Twenty-five (25) feet in commercial and industrial zone districts
d. Sixty (60) feet for outdoor recreation facilities regardless of zone district
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III, Type
IV or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with shielding
on the side facing the residential or public right-of-way property line.
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
• Incandescent
D. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
Mercury vapor lamps
2. Blinking, strobe, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs,
except for temporary holiday displays.
3. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
5. Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
E. Special Lighting Situations
Parking Lots
Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for parking lot
areas. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed five (5) foot-candles for
parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses.
2. Display Lot or Storage Areas Associated with such uses as auto sales
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles for
special display areas adjacent to streets and ten (10) foot-candles for all
other areas or rows.
3. Canopies
a. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles under
canopies of service stations and convenience stores or similar approved
uses, including luminaires mounted under the canopy and lighting within
signage or panels over the pumps.
b. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles under
drive-through canopies or awnings.
c. Lighting for all new canopies shall be installed such that the bottom of
the light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or mounted
flush with the bottom surface of the canopy. All light emitted by an
under-canopy fixture shall be substantially confined to the ground
surface directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy.
c. The provisions of subsection G, amortization, shall not apply to
existing canopy lighting which is not recessed or flush mounted, as
described in subsection 3(c). Canopy lighting shall still be subject to
subsection 3(a) and 3(b), whether the fixture or lens is recessed or
flush mounted or not.
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
5. Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
6. Street Lighting
Existing lighting within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section; however,
any new or replacement lighting shall be subject to the provisions of
Sections C(3) and C(10).
F. Lighting Plans Required
A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within ten (10) feet of the subject property.
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f. Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
fifteen (15) feet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
G. Amortization
All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on the
effective date hereof which do not meet the requirements of this chapter are
deemed to be nonconforming outdoor lighting fixtures. Any nonconforming
outdoor lighting fixture shall conform to the provisions of this section within
five (5) years of the effective date hereof.
2. Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the five-year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or bulbs
shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
a. Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light Fixtures: Existing
unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures shall be removed or replaced
with a light that meets the requirement of this section by December 31,
2006.
b. Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance with this section
can be achieved by replacement of a light bulb, the light bulb shall be
replaced with one that meets the requirements of this section upon its
failure or on December 31, 2005, whichever is earlier.
c. Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with this section can
be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such fixture shall be reaimed by
December 31, 2005.
d. All lights for non-residential uses adjacent to residential uses must be
retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light conforms to IES
criteria for true cut-off fixtures by December 31, 2006.
H. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
7
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA - The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer - A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(I) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small
area.
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
Section 4. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after final
publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADOPTED on first reading by a vote of
to on this day of 2004, ordered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Wheat Ridge and Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for , 2004, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second and final
reading by a vote of to ,this day of
SIGNED by the Mayor on this day of
2004
2004
GRETCHEN CERVENY, MAYOR
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
ATTORNEY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
1st Publication:
2nd Publication:
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
10
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
Notice is hereby given that a Public Hearing is to be held before the City of Wheat Ridge
PLANNING COMMISSION on January 20, 2005, at 7:00 p.m. in the City Council
Chambers of the Municipal Building at 7500 West 291h Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
All interested citizens are invited to speak at the Public Hearing or submit written
comments. The following cases shall be heard:
Case No. ZOA-04-04: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge
Code of Laws pertaining to outdoor lighting standards.
Case No. ZOA-03-18: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge
Code of Laws pertaining to signage.
Kathy Field, Administrative Assistant
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
To Be Published: Wheat Ridge Transcript
Date: January 13, 2005
6. PUBLIC FORUM
There were none present who wished to address the Commission during this portion of the
meeting.
STUDY SESSION
( A. Case No. ZOA-04-04: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge Code
I . of Laws pertaining to outdoor lighting standards.
This case was presented by Travis Crane. He reviewed the staff report and informed the
Commission that this was a legislative matter and there was jurisdiction to hear the case.
Alan White introduced Lola Wilcox, a member of the lighting committee. She thanked the
Commission for their thorough review of the recommendations offered by the committee.
Following discussion of the ordinance, the following direction was given:
It was moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and seconded by Commissioner WESLEY to
amend the ordinance to state: If canopies can be made compliant with performance
standards in this ordinance by relamping or shielding, there would be no requirement to
reinstall recessed fixtures. The motion passed 7-0 with Commissioner McNAMEE absent.
It was moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and seconded by Commissioner STEWART
that surrounding every exterior entrance to a residence would be permitted a total of 80
watts incandescent equivalent lighting to serve as porch and entry lights (attached to the
structure or within 10 feet of the entrance) to be exempt from the light spillover trespass
requirements of the ordinance. The motion passed 4-3 with Commissioners CHILVERS,
PLUMMER and SCEZNEY voting no and Commissioner McNAMEE absent.
It was moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and seconded by Commissioner WESLEY
that pole heights in all residential areas be limited to 15 feet and up to 60 feet for
recreational and sports facilities. The motion passed 7-0 with Commissioner McNAMEE
absent.
It was moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and seconded by Commissioner STEWART
that staff research and pursue retrofit of existing streetscape pedestrian lights into
compliance with this ordinance. The motion passed 7-0 with Commissioner McNAMEE
absent.
In order to review the amended ordinance, it was moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and
seconded by Commissioner STEWART to continue the hearing on Case No. ZOA-04-04
to January 20, 2005. The motion passed 7-0 with Commissioner McNAMEE absent.
Because there were no cases scheduled to come before the Commission on January 6, it was
moved by Commissioner McMILLIN and seconded by Commissioner STEWART to
Planning Commission Page 2
December 16, 2004
cancel the January 6, 2005 Commission meeting. The motion passed 7-0 with
Commissioner McNAMEE absent.
8. OLD BUSINESS
Commissioner WESLEY asked if any progress had been made to study traffic on 32nd Avenue
between Kipling and Wadsworth. Alan White replied that, to date, there has been no such
direction from City Council.
9. NEW BUSINESS
There was no new business to come before the Commission.
10. COMMISSION REPORTS
There were no commission reports.
11. COMMITTEE AND DEPARTMENT REPORTS
There were no committee and department reports.
12. ADJOURNMENT
It was moved by Commissioner CHILVERS and seconded by Commissioner STEWART
to adjourn the meeting at 8:50p.m. The motion passed unanimously.
Ann Lazzeri, Recordin Se retary
Planning Commission Page 3
December 16,2004
City of Wheat Ridge pF WHEgT
Community Development Department -
c~ m
Memorandum CO~~R
TO: Planning Commission
FROM: Travis Crane, Planner
SUBJECT: Case No. ZOA 04-04, Outdoor Lighting Standards
DATE: 9 December 2004
This Case is: Quasi-judicial X Legislative
This is a public hearing item and the required public notice was given.
Background
Staff was requested by Planning Commission, and subsequently directed by Council, to investigate
the City's standards for outdoor lighting. Sample ordinances and staff recommendations were
presented to the Commission on July 8`h. One of the recommendations was to create an ad hoc
committee to assist in identifying issues and making recommendations.
The committee was formed from all who called an expressed an interest in serving on the committee.
The committee met five times starting in September. The attached ordinance contains the revised
lighting standards as recommended by the committee. The ordinance proposes measurement-based
standards for both residential and non-residential lighting. The ordinance, was reviewed by Planning
Commission in a study session at the last regular meeting.
Summary of Ordinance
The proposed changes are shown in bold. Deletions are shown in °t4'-°~rThe main change to
the ordinance is to establish measurement based standards. Both residential and non-residential uses
are examined. The maximum allowable pole heights have been altered to allow higher free standing
poles. There is now a section which addresses special situations, such as display lots, canopies,
building entranceways and street lighting. One major change is the establishment of an amortization
schedule which will require compliance of all lighting fixtures within five years of adoption of the
ordinance.
At the study session, Planning Commission asked for a few pieces of information regarding the
proposed lighting ordinance. The requests were as follows:
Further define `low-wattage' in the ordinance. Research the Uniform Building Code and
confirm if a definition for `low wattage' exists.
The 2002 National Electric Code defines "low voltage" as an electromotive force rated 24
volts, nominal, or less, supplied from a transformer, converter, or battery. Chad Root, Chief
Building Official, has indicated that "low voltage" and "low wattage" are interchangeable
terms. Basically, to be classified as low wattage, a fixture cannot exceed 24 volts. It would be
smart to include a definition of `low wattage' to avoid confusion in the future when staff is
trying to decipher the regulations.
2. Several comments were made in regard to existing street lights and pedestrian (`streetscape')
lights. A few Commissioners felt that it was necessary for the City to retrofit the existing
lights so they would comply with the proposed ordinance.
I had several conversations with Tim Paranto, Public Works Director, about modifying
existing street and pedestrian lights. Mr. Paranto stated that we have 2,031 street lights and
220 pedestrian lights. The street lights are approximately $3,000 each. It costs the City
$25,000 per month to illuminate these street lights. He further stated that fitting the existing
street lights with directional shielding would accomplish compliance with the new ordinance,
with a few impacts to the City.
The first impact would be in the number of street lights required. By shielding the existing
lights, the light spill will be more concentrated, but that many dark spots will be generated
between light fixtures. This will require that additional street lights be installed. He estimated
that the number of street lights would need to double. At approximately $3,000 each, this
would be at considerable expense to the City. All of these 4,000 street lights would then need
to be fitted with a shielding component. Mr. Paranto stated that an inventory would need to
be performed of existing street lights, which would require additional staff power. Because of
the multiple manufactures, it was difficult to get an accurate figure for shielding devices on
the respective lights.
Shielding each pedestrian light would produce the same effect. The light pattern would be
concentrated, greatly diminishing the amount of light. The shielding would most likely be in
the form of a custom fabrication on each fixture. As stated above, an inventory would be
necessary. I was not able to gather the specific information from each vendor regarding
custom made shields. It is important to note that Xcel Energy will only install certain types of
lights.
3. Check with Public Works to determine the scope of upcoming capital improvement projects,
specifically in respect to lighting.
There is one capital improvement project scheduled for next year that will involve pedestrian
lights. The project is scheduled at Kipling and I-70, and will incorporate approximately 10
new pedestrian lights. There are no other projects scheduled with a pedestrian light element.
4. In section E.3. (c) of the proposed ordinance, state that only new canopies must have
recessed lighting.
This change can be made to the proposed ordinance; however it will render all existing
canopies exempt from the amortization schedule. Staff feels that the existing canopies are
one of the largest offenders and by not amortizing the existing canopies, we will perpetuate
these offenders indefinitely. Planning Commission can make this recommendation at the
hearing.
5. The committee felt it was important to have measurable standards for residential lighting, but
struggled with how to address the myriad lighting situations possible. Commissioner
McMillin indicated that the residential standards should be removed from the ordinance. It
was unclear to staff if there was a consensus among the Commissioners, so the residential
standards remain. Further; the committee felt it necessary to include the residential standards,
and staff felt it was important to present the full Committee recommendation. If the
Commission wishes to remove the residential component, the recommendation can be made
at the public hearing.
Suggested Motion
"I move to approve Case Number ZOA-04-04, a proposed amendment to Section 26-503 of the
Wheat Ridge Code of Laws concerning exterior light standards, for the following reasons:
1. The existing lighting standards are not quantifiable and difficult to enforce.
2. A problem concerning light pollution has been identified, and staff feels more strict
regulations are needed.
3. The proposed changes should diminish light pollution and allow staff to identify
offenders."
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2004
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effect regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section 1. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts; to provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites; and to
minimize the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses.
1. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen
(15) feet past the properly line on any adjacent non-residential
property, and 0.1 foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line
adjacent to residential property or public right-of-way, as measurable
from any orientation of the measuring device.
2. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be 20
feet in the R-1, R-1A, R-1B, R-1C, and R-2 zone districts and in the A-1
and A-2 zone districts.
3. Lights one hundred (100) watts and less per fixture, fluorescent lights
forty (40) watts and less per fixture, gas-fired fixtures and lights used
for holiday decorations are exempt from the requirements of the
section.
C. Lighting Standards for All Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family uses shall meet the
following standards:
1. External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb or direct lamp image) is not visible from any adjacent
property, except for Director approved limited decorative lighting, approved
streetscape lighting, or as otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential property, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
3. Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb or direct lamp image may be visible beyond two
mounting heights from the fixture.
4. If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's IES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
2
All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle. on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
6. The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fagade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
b. Building fagade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
7. Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be:
a. 20 feet in the R-2A, R-3 and R-3A zone districts and for uses
adjacent to residential uses
b. 25 feet in commercial and industrial zone districts
c. 40 feet for outdoor recreation facilities regardless of zone district
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III, Type
IV or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with a "house
side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential or public right-of-
way property line.
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
• Incandescent
D. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
Mercury vapor lamps
2. Blinking, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs, except for
temporary holiday displays.
No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
5. Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
E. Special Lighting Situations
Parking Lots
Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for
parking lot areas. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed five (5) foot-
candles for parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses.
2. Display Lot or Storage Areas Associated with such uses as auto sales
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles
for special display areas adjacent to streets and ten (10) foot-candles for
all other areas or rows.
3. Canopies
a. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles
under canopies of service stations and convenience stores or similar
4
approved uses, including luminaries mounted under the canopy and
lighting within signage or panels over the pumps.
b. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles
under drive-through canopies or awnings.
c. Lighting for all canopies shall be installed such that the bottom of
the light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or
mounted flush with the bottom surface of the canopy. All light
emitted by an under-canopy fixture shall be substantially confined
to the ground surface directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy.
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
5. Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
6. Street Lighting
Lighting installed within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section.
F. Lighting Plans Required
1. A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within 10 feet of the subject property.
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f. Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
fifteen feet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
G. Amortization
All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on
the effective date hereof which do not meet the requirements of this
chapter are deemed to be nonconforming outdoor lighting fixtures.
Any nonconforming outdoor lighting fixture shall conform to the
provisions of this section within five (5) years of the effective date
hereof.
2. Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the five-year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or
bulbs shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
a. Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light Fixtures:
Existing unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures shall be removed
or replaced with a light that meets the requirement of this section by
December 31, 2006.
b. Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance with this
section can be achieved by replacement of a light bulb, the light bulb
shall be replaced with one that meets the requirements of this
section upon its failure or on December 31, 2005, whichever is
earlier.
c. Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with this section
can be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such fixture shall be reaimed
by December 31, 2005.
d. All lights for non-residential uses adjacent to residential uses must
be retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light
conforms with IES criteria for true cut-off fixtures by December 31,
2005.
H. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA - The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer - A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light.
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(I) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small
area.
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
Section 4. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Zoning
Code or the application thereof to any person or circumstances shall for any reason be
adjusted by a court of competent jurisdiction invalid, such judgment shall not affect
application to other persons or circumstances.
9
Section 5. Supersession Clause. If any provision, requirement or standard
established by this Ordinance is found to conflict with similar provisions, requirements or
standards found elsewhere in the Code of Laws of the City of Wheat Ridge, which are in
existence as of the date of adoption of this Ordinance, the provisions, requirements and
standards herein shall supersede and prevail.
Section 6. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after final
publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADOPTED on first reading by a vote of
to on this day of 2004, ordered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Wheat Ridge and Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for 2004, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second and final
reading by a vote of to this day of 12004
SIGNED by the Mayor on this day of 1 2004
GRETCHEN CERVENY, MAYOR
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
ATTORNEY
1st Publication:
2nd Publication:
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
10
future development of Mr. Vitali's property causes too much congestion in the driveway, Mr.
Hyland could have another curb cut installed for his property. Mr. Vitali stated that his
concerns were addressed and he felt comfortable with the situation.
It was moved by Commissioner CHILVERS and seconded by Commissioner SCEZNEY
to approve the lot width variance associated with Case No. MS-04-05, a request for
approval of a two-foot lot width variance, for property located at 10403 West 44 1h Avenue,
for the following reasons:
1. The hardship has not been created by a person having interest in the property.
2. The request will not be detrimental to the public welfare or injurious to properties
in the area.
The motion passed 5-0 with Commissioners McNAMEE, PLUMMER and WESLEY
absent.
It was moved by Commissioner SCEZNEY and seconded by Commissioner STEWART
to approve Case No. MS-04-05, a request for approval of a four-lot subdivision plat for
property located at 10403 West 44`n Avenue, for the following reasons:
All requirements of the Subdivision Regulations have been met.
2. All required utility easements are being provided.
3. Adequate infrastructure will be constructed with the development to serve the
proposed use.
The motion passed 5-0 with Commissioners McNAMEE, PLUMMER and WESLEY
absent.
(Vice Chair McMillin declared a brief recess at 7:38 p.m. The meeting was reconvened at 7:44
P.M-)
8. OLD BUSINESS
A. Case No. ZOA-04-04, Outdoor Light Standards Study Session
11~v Travis Crane introduced this item for discussion. In response to direction from the
Commission, staff created an ad hoc committee to discuss the lighting ordinance.
Recommendations from the committee were included in the staff report.
Discussion items included:
Include examples of compliant and noncompliant lighting in material that goes to City
Council.
Practicality of enforcement issues are important to consider.
There is some city lighting that would be in nonconformance; for example, the street lights
on 38`" Avenue. Ways to modify noncompliant city lighting should be researched.
Important that city lighting especially comply with standards.
Planning Commission Page 3
November 18, 2004
• "Low wattage" needs definition.
• Research lighting standards contained in the Uniform Building Code.
• Important to regulate lighting which shines into residential properties.
• Important to regulate lighting that shines upward.
• There are still amortization issues to be worked out for noncompliant lighting.
• New canopy lighting should be recessed. Existing canopies could be converted to meet
conformance standards.
• Members of the ad hoc committee agreed there was a need for a lighting standards
ordinance.
B. Sign Code
Meredith Reckert reported that the sign code would be brought before the next Planning
Commission meeting.
9. NEW BUSINESS
There was no new business to come before the Commission.
10. COMMISSION REPORTS
There were no commission reports.
11. COMMITTEE AND DEPARTMENT REPORTS
There were no committee and department reports.
12. ADJOURNMENT
It was moved by Commissioner CHILVERS and seconded by Commissioner STEWART
to adjourn the meeting at 8:15 p.m. The motion passed unanimously.
Ann Lazzeri, Recording Secretary
ommission rage 4
18, 2004
City of Wheat Ridge os ""EqT~
Community Development Department m
Memorandum c~CpRA~~
TO: Planning Commission
FROM: Alan White, Community Development Director
SUBJECT: Case No. ZOA 04-04, Outdoor Lighting Standards
DATE: November 10, 2004
This Case is:
Quasi-judicial
X Legislative
This is a study session item and no public notice was given.
Background
Staff was requested by Planning Commission, and subsequently directed by Council, to investigate
the City's standards for outdoor lighting. Sample ordinances and staff recommendations were
presented to the Commission on July 8 . One of the recommendations was to create an ad hoc
committee to assist in identifying issues and making recommendations.
The committee was formed from all who called an expressed an interest in serving on the committee.
The committee met five times starting in September. The attached ordinance contains the revised
lighting standards as recommended by the committee. The ordinance proposes measurement-based
standards for both residential and non-residential lighting.
The ordinance is modeled after the City of Lone Tree standards, but contains elements from Boulder,
Denver, Littleton, Jefferson County, and Arapahoe County. Although a few requirements remain the
same, the ordinance replaces the current outdoor lighting standards section in its entirety.
Maximum foot-candle spillage beyond the property line is limited depending upon whether the use is
adjacent to residential uses or not. Maximum foot-candles are set for canopy lighting, drive-through
canopy lighting, parking lots and display lots.
The committee felt it was important to have measurable standards for residential lighting, but
struggled with how to address the myriad lighting situations possible. This is a section that the
Commission will need to spend some time reviewing and discussing.
Please take note of the section on amortization. All lighting made non-conforming by the new
ordinance would be required to be made conforming within five years from the date the ordinance is
adopted. There are lesser periods prescribed where conformance can be obtained by re-aiming or
shielding existing lights.
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2004
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effective regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section 1. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts; to provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites; to minimize
the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses; and to
provide an environmentally sensitive nighttime environment that include the ability to
view the stars against a dark sky so that people can see the Milky Way Galaxy from
residential and other appropriate viewing areas.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses.
Low wattage porch or ground lights are permitted. All other lights shall be
aimed or shielded such that off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of
0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15) feet past the property line on any adjacent non-
residential property, and 0.1 foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line
adjacent to residential property or public right-of-way, as measurable from
any orientation of the measuring device.
2. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be fifteen
(15) feet in the R-1, R-IA, R-113, R-1C, and R-2 zone districts and in the A-
1 and A-2 zone districts.
3. Lights used for temporary holiday decorations are exempt from the
requirements of this section.
C. Lighting Standards for All Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family uses shall meet the
following standards:
External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb, lens or reflector) is not visible from any adjacent
property, except for approved streetscape lighting, temporary holiday
decorations, or as otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential property, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of. fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb may be visible beyond two mounting heights from the
fixture.
4. If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
2
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's IES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
5. All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
6. The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fayade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
b. Building facade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated and shall not be aimed at a
reflective surface.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
7. Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less, or the equivalent lumens output from another permitted bulb
type, may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be:
a.Twenty (20) feet in the R-2A, R-3 and R-3A zone districts.
b. Twenty (20) feet for all uses adjacent to residential uses
c. Twenty-five (25) feet in commercial and industrial zone districts
d. Sixty (60) feet for outdoor recreation facilities regardless of zone district
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III, Type
IV or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with shielding
on the side facing the residential or public right-of-way property line.
3
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
•Incandescent
D. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
Mercury vapor lamps
2. Blinking, strobe, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs,
except for temporary holiday displays.
No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
5. Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
E. Special Lighting Situations
Parking Lots
Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for parking lot
areas. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed five (5) foot-candles for
parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses.
2. Display Lot or Storage Areas Associated with such uses as auto sales
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles for
special display areas adjacent to streets and ten (10) foot-candles for all
other areas or rows.
Canopies
4
a. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles under
canopies of service stations and convenience stores or similar approved
uses, including luminaires mounted under the canopy and lighting within
signage or panels over the pumps.
b. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles under
drive-through canopies or awnings.
c. Lighting for all canopies shall be installed such that the bottom of the
light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or mounted flush
with the bottom surface of the canopy. All light emitted by an under-
canopy fixture shall be substantially confined to the ground surface
directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy.
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
5. Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
6. Street Lighting
Existing lighting within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section; however,
any new or replacement lighting shall be subject to the provisions of
Sections C(3) and C(10).
F. Lighting Plans Required
A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within ten (10) feet of the subject property.
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f. Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
fifteen (15) feet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
G. Amortization
All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on the
effective date hereof which do not meet the requirements of this chapter are
deemed to be nonconforming outdoor lighting fixtures. Any nonconforming
outdoor lighting fixture shall conform to the provisions of this section within
five (5) years of the effective date hereof.
2. Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the five-year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or bulbs
shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
a. Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light Fixtures: Existing
unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures shall be removed or replaced
with a light that meets the requirement of this section by December 31,
2006.
b. Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance with this section
can be achieved by replacement of a light bulb, the light bulb shall be
6
replaced with one that meets the requirements of this section upon its
failure or on December 31, 2005, whichever is earlier.
c. Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with this section can
be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such fixture shall be reaimed by
December 31, 2005.
d. All lights for non-residential uses adjacent to residential uses must be
retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light conforms to IES
criteria for true cut-off fixtures by December 31, 2006.
H. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA - The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer - A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light.
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
OD) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(I) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small
area.
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
Section 4. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after final
publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADOPTED on first reading by a vote of
to on this day of 2004, ordered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Wheat Ridge and Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for , 2004, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second and final
reading by a vote of to , this day of 2004
SIGNED by the Mayor on this day of 2004
GRETCHEN CERVENY, MAYOR
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
ATTORNEY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
1st Publication:
2nd Publication:
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
10
Lighting Standards
Ad Hoc Committee
Packets
LIGHTING STANDARDS
AD HOC COMMITTEE
MEETING AGENDA
NOVEMBER 9, 2004
1. Discussion of Proposed Ordinance and Changes
2. Adjourn
City of Wheat Ridge pF WHEgT~
Community Development Department m
Memorandum c~~pRpOp
TO: Lighting Committee Members
FROM: Alan White, Community Development Director ow
SUBJECT: Revised Ordinance V~
DATE: November 4, 2004
Attached is a revised Outdoor Lighting Ordinance. It contains the revisions discussed at the last
meeting. New language is shown with an underline and deletions are shown with a s44kethraugh.
As requested, light meter readings were taken at various locations throughout the City on
Wednesday, November 3`d. The following is a list and description of the locations, and the foot-
candle readings obtained:
Location
Foot-candle Reading
1.
Conoco Gas Canopy @ northeast corner of 32nd & Youn field
60
2.
A lewood Shopping Center parking lot north of Applejack Liquors
22
3.
Parkin Lot in front of Wal Mart
5-6
4.
Shell Gas Canopy @ northwest corner of 38th & Ki lin
65
5.
Auto Nation inventory lot @ the southeast corner of 38th & Yukon
10
6.
Wilmore Center parking lot @ northwest corner of 38th & Wadsworth
5
7.
Safeway parking lot between Wolf Camera and Boston Market
10
8.
Kin Soo ers parking lot @ northwest corner of 38th & Sheridan
10
9.
Kin Soo ers Gas Canopy @ northwest corner of 38t" & Sheridan
40
10.
Municipal Building parking lot
5-6
Readings were made directly under the lights where the light appeared to shine the brightest on the
pavement. Most of the lights you will observe are metal halide. The lights at the Wilmore Center
are either high or low pressure sodium (you can tell from the yellow light). I could not tell what type
of lights were in the parking lot at the King Soopers on Sheridan. Readings under gas canopies were
taken approximately in the middle of the away from the building canopy in an attempt to capture
only the canopy lights. The Conoco canopy at 32°d & Youngfield has spotlights aimed at the gas
pumps.
Hopefully you can visit the locations prior to the next meeting.
Our next meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, November 9th at 6:00 p.m.
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2004
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effective regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section 1. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts; to provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites; and to
minimize the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses.
1. Low wattage porch or ground lights are permitted. All other lights shall be
aimed or shielded such that Goff-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of
0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15) feet past the property line on any adjacent non-
residential property, and 0.1 foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line
adjacent to residential property or public right-of-way, as measurable from
any orientation of the measuring device.
2. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be N
fifteen (15) feet in the R-1, R-lA, R-113, R-1C, and R-2 zone districts and in
the A-1 and A-2 zone districts.
3. Light, one ..,.ndred (1 0) and less per fret" . nt lights feet.
(nm wa+t° and less pee- fixture, gas fired f xturp ..a ff , Lights used for
temporary oliday decorations are exempt from the requirements of the this
section.
C. Lighting Standards for All Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family uses shall meet the
following standards:
External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb, lens or reflector or- direst lamp is not visible
from any adjacent property, except for Dii-eeter approved limited d ativ
lighting, approved streetscape lighting, temporary holiday decorations, or as
otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential property, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
3. Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the Illuminating Engineers Society (TES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb or direct lamp image may be visible beyond two
mounting heights from the fixture.
4. If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
2
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's IES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
6. The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fagade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
b. Building fagade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated and shall not be aimed at a
reflective surface.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
7. Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less, or the equivalent lumens output from another permitted bulb
e may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
typ,
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be:
a.~Twent 20) feet in the R-2A, R-3 and R-3A zone districts.
b. Twenty (20) feet and for all uses adjacent to residential uses
b: c. Twenty-five (25) feet in commercial and industrial zone districts
c-. d. Forty 40) feet for outdoor recreation facilities regardless of zone
district
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III, Type
IV or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted witha 'heuse
side shieldingl4efleeteT on the side facing the residential or public right-of-
way property line.
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
•Incandescent
D. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
Mercury vapor lamps
2. Blinking, strobe, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs,
except for temporary holiday displays.
3. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
E. Special Lighting Situations
1. Parking Lots
Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for parking lot
areas. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed five (5) foot-candles for
parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses.
2. Display Lot or Storage Areas Associated with such uses as auto sales
4
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles for
special display areas adjacent to streets and ten (10) foot-candles for all
other areas or rows.
Canopies
a. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles under
canopies of service stations and convenience stores or similar approved
uses, including luminairies mounted under the canopy and lighting
within signage or panels over the pumps.
b. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles under
drive-through canopies or awnings.
c. Lighting for all canopies shall be installed such that the bottom of the
light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or mounted flush
with the bottom surface of the canopy. All light emitted by an under-
canopy fixture shall be substantially confined to the ground surface
directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy. '
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
5. Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
6. Street Lighting
Lighting installed within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section.
F. Lighting Plans Required
A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within ten 101 feet of the subject property.
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f. Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
fifteen LL5Jeet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
G. Amortization
1. All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on the
effective date hereof which do not meet the requirements of this chapter are
deemed to be nonconforming outdoor lighting fixtures. Any nonconforming
outdoor lighting fixture shall conform to the provisions of this section within
five (5) years of the effective date hereof.
2. Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the five-year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or bulbs
shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
a. Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light Fixtures: Existing
unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures shall be removed or replaced
with a light that meets the requirement of this section by December 31,
2006.
6
b. Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance with this section
can be achieved by replacement of a light bulb, the light bulb shall be
replaced with one that meets the requirements of this section upon its
failure or on December 31, 2005, whichever is earlier.
C. Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with this section can
be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such fixture shall be reaimed by
December 31, 2005.
d. All lights for non-residential uses adjacent to residential uses must be
retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light conforms with
IES criteria for true cut-off fixtures by December 31, 2006-5.
H. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
7
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA - The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer - A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light.
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
8
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(IT) Building or structure decoration;
(I) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small
area.
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
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e istenee as of the date of adoption of this Ordinanee tl.,...re
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Section 46. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after
final publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADOPTED on first reading by a vote of
to on this day of 2004, ordered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Wheat Ridge and Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for 2004, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second and final
reading by a vote of to
SIGNED by the Mayor on this
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
ATTORNEY
1st Publication:
2nd Publication:
this day of 2004
day of 2004
GRETCHEN CERVENY, MAYOR
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
10
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
11
LIGHTING STANDARDS
AD HOC COMMITTEE
MEETING AGENDA
OCTOBER 26, 2004
1. Discussion of Proposed Ordinance and Changes
• Residential Standards
• Standards for all other uses
• Amortization provisions
2. Next Steps
3. Set next meeting date
4. Adjourn
City of Wheat Ridge pE W iEgT~
Community Development Department m
Memorandum cO~pRpOp
TO: Lighting Committee Members
FROM: Alan White, Community Development Director p,
SUBJECT: Revised Ordinance
DATE: October 21, 2004
Attached is a revised Outdoor Lighting Ordinance. It contains two new provisions: one on lighting
for single family and two family uses, and one on amortization. They are in bold type to distinguish
them from portions of the ordinance that have not changed.
Please review for the meeting on Tuesday, October 26 at 6:00 p.m.
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2004
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effect regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section 1. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts; to provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites; and to
minimize the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses.
Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen
(15) feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential
property, and 0.1 foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line
adjacent to residential property or public right-of-way, as measurable
from any orientation of the measuring device.
2. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be 20
feet in the R-1, R-lA, R-113, R-1C, and R-2 zone districts and in the A-1
and A-2 zone districts.
3. Lights one hundred (100) watts and less per fixture, fluorescent lights
forty (40) watts and less per fixture, gas-fired fixtures and lights used
for holiday decorations are exempt from the requirements of the
section.
C. Lighting Standards for All Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family uses shall meet the
following standards:
External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb or direct lamp image) is not visible from any adjacent
property, except for Director approved limited decorative lighting, approved
streetscape lighting, or as otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential property, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the. Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb or direct lamp image may be visible beyond two
mounting heights from the fixture.
4. If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's IES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
6. The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fagade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
b. Building fagade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum allowable pole height for pole-mounted lighting shall be:
a. 20 feet in the R-2A, R-3 and R-3A zone districts and for uses
adjacent to residential uses
b. 25 feet in commercial and industrial zone districts
c. 40 feet for outdoor recreation facilities regardless of zone district
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III, Type
IV or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with a "house
side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential or public right-of-
way property line.
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
• Incandescent
D. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
1. Mercury vapor lamps
2. Blinking, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs, except for
temporary holiday displays.
3. No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
E. Special Lighting Situations
1. Parking Lots
Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles for
parking lot areas. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed five (5) foot-
candles for parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses.
2. Display Lot or Storage Areas Associated with such uses as auto sales
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles
for special display areas adjacent to streets and ten (10) foot-candles for
all other areas or rows.
3. Canopies
a. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles
under canopies of service stations and convenience stores or similar
approved uses, including luminaries mounted under, the canopy and
lighting within signage or panels over the pumps.
b. Maximum foot-candles shall not exceed twenty (20) foot-candles
under drive-through canopies or awnings.
c. Lighting for all canopies shall be installed such that the bottom of
the light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or
mounted flush with the bottom surface of the canopy. All light
emitted by an under-canopy fixture shall be substantially confined
to the ground surface directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy.
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
5. Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
Street Lighting
Lighting installed within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section.
F. Lighting Plans Required
1. A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within 10 feet of the subject property.
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f. Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
fifteen feet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
G. Amortization
All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on
the effective date hereof which do not meet the requirements of this
chapter are deemed to be nonconforming outdoor lighting fixtures.
Any nonconforming outdoor lighting fixture shall conform to the
provisions of this section within five (5) years of the effective date
hereof.
2. Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the five-year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or
bulbs shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
a. Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light Fixtures:
Existing unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures shall be removed
or replaced with a light that meets the requirement of this section by
December 31, 2006.
b. Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance with this
section can be achieved by replacement of a light bulb, the light bulb
shall be replaced with one that meets the requirements of this
section upon its failure or on December 31, 2005, whichever is
earlier.
c. Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with this section
can be achieved by rcaiming a fixture, such fixture shall be reaimed
by December 31, 2005.
d. All lights for non-residential uses adjacent to residential uses must
be retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light
conforms with IES criteria for true cut-off fixtures by December 31,
2005.
H. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA - The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer - A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light.
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(I) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small
area.
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
Section 4. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Zoning
Code or the application thereof to any person or circumstances shall for any reason be
adjusted by a court of competent jurisdiction invalid, such judgment shall not affect
application to other persons or circumstances.
9
Section 5. Supersession Clause. If any provision, requirement or standard
established by this Ordinance is found to conflict with similar provisions, requirements or
standards found elsewhere in the Code of Laws of the City of Wheat Ridge, which are in
existence as of the date of adoption of this Ordinance, the provisions, requirements and
standards herein shall supersede and prevail.
Section 6. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after final
publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADOPTED on first reading by a vote of
to on this day of , 2004, ordered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Wheat Ridge and Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for 2004, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second and final
reading by a vote of to , this day of 2004
SIGNED by the Mayor on this day of 2004
GRETCHEN CERVENY, MAYOR
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
ATTORNEY
1 st Publication:
2nd Publication:
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
10
LIGHTING STANDARDS
AD HOC COMMITTEE
MEETING AGENDA
OCTOBER 11, 2004
1. Discussion of Proposed Ordinance and Changes
2. Discussion of Amortization
3. Next Steps
4. Set next meeting date
5. Adjourn
City of Wheat Ridge
Community Development Department
Memorandum
TO: Ad Hoc Lighting Committee Members
FROM: Alan White, Community Development Director O(tu
SUBJECT: Proposed Ordinance
DATE: October 7. 2004
m
Attached is the proposed ordinance that would replace the City's current standards. Please review it
for Monday night's meeting.
I did not have time to put together a section on amortization. It is something we should discuss.
Please review Littleton's and Boulder's approaches as a basis for the discussion. Those ordinances
are attached to my memo to Planning Commission dated July gtn
Also attached is an agenda for the meeting.
See you Monday at 6:00.
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER
Council Bill No.
Ordinance No.
Series of 2004
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE REPEALING AND REENACTING
SECTION 26-503 OF THE WHEAT RIDGE CODE OF
LAWS CONCERNING EXTERIOR LIGHTING
STANDARDS.
WHEREAS, the effects of improperly directed and excessive lighting
include the visual impairment of motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians and the
trespass of light to adjacent properties; and
WHEREAS, practical and effective measures exist to minimize the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and careless outdoor light usage, while preserving safety, security,
and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property; and
WHEREAS, effect regulation of outdoor lighting can increase the usage of
energy-efficient light sources and decrease the amount of energy consumed by inefficient
and inappropriately directed lighting; and
WHEREAS, The City Council desires to enact measures that will curtail the
degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF WHEAT RIDGE, COLORADO, THAT:
Section 1. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby repealed
in its entirety.
Section 2. Section 26-503 of the Wheat Ridge Code of Laws is hereby reenacted
as follows:
Section 26-503. Exterior Lighting Standards
A. Intent. To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and
pedestrian conflicts, provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites and minimize
the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land uses.
B. Lighting Standards for Single and Two Family Uses.
Light fixtures shall be located and positioned such that no glare is visible
from adjacent properties.
C. Lighting Standards for A11 Other Uses.
All outdoor lighting for all uses other than single and two family structures shall meet
the following standards:
External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb or direct lamp image) is not visible from any adjacent
property, except for Director approved limited decorative lighting, approved
streetscape lighting, or as otherwise provided herein.
2. Off-site spill shall be limited to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen (15)
feet past the property line on any adjacent non-residential property, and 0.1
foot-candle five (5) feet past the property line adjacent to residential
property or public right-of-way, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
3. Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall conform with
the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true cut-off fixtures
(90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from vertical). No
portion of the bulb or direct lamp image may be visible beyond two
mounting heights from the fixture.
If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture's IES
classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
4. All lights must be retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the light
conforms with IES criteria for true cut-off fixtures as noted in Section 26-
503.13.3 herein.
5. All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must be
extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and remain
extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of business hours.
For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at entrances, stairways and loading
docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted during the off
hours.
6. The lighting of a building fagade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative
purposes is permitted subject to the following restrictions, unless otherwise
approved through the Final Development Plan or Site Plan process:
a. Upward aimed building fagade lighting shall not exceed nine hundred
lumens. All upward aimed light shall be fully shielded, fully confined
from projecting into the sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted
as flush to a wall as possible.
b. Building fagade lighting exceeding nine hundred lumens shall be fully
shielded, aimed downward, and mounted as flush to the wall as possible.
c. Building fagade lighting shall be fully contained within the vertical
surface of the wall being illuminated.
d. Building fagade lighting that is measurable at the ground level shall be
included in the maximum allowable light levels.
Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of 150
watts or less may be permitted to illuminate landscape plantings, pedestrian
walkways, signage, or product display areas.
8. Maximum fixture height for all lighting shall be:
a. 24 feet when fixture is located within 75 feet of the site's boundary; and
b. 40 feet when the fixture is located beyond 75 feet from the site's
boundary provided that for mounting heights in excess of 24 feet, the
distance of the fixture to the site's boundary shall not be less than three
times the mounting height.
9. All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or public
right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES Type III or Type
F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with a "house side
shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential or public right-of-way
property line.
10. Acceptable bulb types:
• Low Pressure Sodium
• High Pressure Sodium
• Metal Halide (coated preferred)
• Incandescent
C. Prohibitions
No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting fixtures:
Mercury vapor lamps
2. Blinking, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs, except for
temporary holiday displays.
No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere with the
safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares, including but not
limited to:
a. Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces
incidental or reflected light that could be disturbing to the operator of a
motor vehicle.
b. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control
device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or City government.
4. No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
5. Laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor advertising
or entertainment when projected above the horizontal.
D. Special Lighting Situations
Parking Lots
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed three (3) foot-candles for
parking lot areas.
2. Display Lot or Storage Areas
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed thirty-five (35) foot-candles
for special display areas associated with such uses as auto sales.
Canopies, Including Gasoline Station and Convenience Store, and Drive-
Through Canopies
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed thirty (30) foot-candles
under canopies of service stations or similar approved uses, including
luminaries mounted under the canopy and lighting within signage or panels
over the pumps. Lighting shall be installed such that the bottom of the light
fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or mounted flush with the
bottom surface of the canopy. All light emitted by an under-canopy fixture
shall be substantially confined to the ground surface directly beneath the
perimeter of the canopy.
4. Stadiums and Outdoor Recreation Facilities
All stadium and all other exterior outdoor recreation facility lights used for
the purpose of illumination of playing area must be extinguished by 10:00
p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the day. The
remainder of the facility lighting, except for lighting used for security
purposes, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after the
event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour prior to the
commencement of the next event.
5. Building Entryways
Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed ten (10) foot-candles in
areas adjacent to building entryways. Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall .
include light spillage from within the building as well as light from signage.
6. Street Lighting
Lighting installed within the public right-of-way, including street lights and
pedestrian lights, is not subject to the requirements of this Section.
E. Lighting Plans Required
A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit application
except for a one or two family structure on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
a. A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
b. The location and description of mature height of existing and proposed
trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or the street
right-of-way within 10 feet of the subject property.
c. The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
d. The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
e. The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach light,
globe, and a copy of the manufacturer's catalog information sheet and
IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
f Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
g. Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
h. A photometric plan showing the maximum light levels on a grid not to
exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of ten
feet beyond the lot or parcel property line.
2. Prior to a building permit final inspection or the issuance of a certificate of
occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the outdoor lighting
as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the community
development director. The certification shall be completed by the architect,
electrical engineer, electrical contractor, or lighting consultant responsible
for the plans or the final installation.
F. Definitions
As used in this Section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words
and phrases shall mean the following:
Direct Illumination - Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces
such as the ground or building faces.
Directly visible - Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp
Display Lot or Area - Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify
as a display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile
sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales,
assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses
by the community development director.
Floodlight - A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
Foot-candle - A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the
luminous flux per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals
approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture - A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or
indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected
below the horizontal as determined by photometric test or certified by the
manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must be
permanently affixed.
Glare - The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is
sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude
of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on
the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.
IESNA - The Illuminating Engineers Society of North America.
Illuminance - The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux
per unit area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot
(foot-candles).
Illumination Engineer - A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
Light Pollution - Any adverse effect of manmade light
Light Trespass - Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across
property boundaries.
Lumen - Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by
lamps.
Luminaire - The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors,
lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light
fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light
fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded
lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.
Luminous Tube - A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon,
argon, mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused
to emit light by the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various
forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common
fluorescent tubes.
Lux - One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per
unit area in the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
Outdoor Light Fixture - An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or
reflective surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or
portable, used for illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall
include, but are not limited to, lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(I) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
Recreational Facilities - An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football
fields, golf courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
Searchlight - A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in
a specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the
lamp, and with a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such
lights are used commonly to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
Spotlight - A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light
illuminating a defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small
area.
Temporary Lighting - Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code
and which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar
year, with one thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses
which by their nature are of limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic
events, or construction projects.
Section 3. Safety Clause. The City Council hereby finds, determines, and
declares that this ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of
Wheat Ridge, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public and
that this ordinance is necessary for the preservation of health and safety and for the
protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that
the ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be
attained.
Section 4. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Zoning
Code or the application thereof to any person or circumstances shall for any reason be
adjusted by a court of competent jurisdiction invalid, such judgment shall not affect
application to other persons or circumstances.
Section 5. Supersession Clause. If any provision, requirement or standard
established by this Ordinance is found to conflict with similar provisions, requirements or
standards found elsewhere in the Code of Laws of the City of Wheat Ridge, which are in
existence as of the date of adoption of this Ordinance, the provisions, requirements and
standards herein shall supersede and prevail.
Section 6. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect days after final
publication.
INTRODUCED, READ, AND ADOPTED on first reading by a vote of
to on this day of 2004, ordered published in full in a
newspaper of general circulation in the City of Wheat Ridge and Public Hearing and
consideration on final passage set for , 2004, at 7:00 o'clock p.m., in
the Council Chambers, 7500 West 29th Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado.
READ, ADOPTED AND ORDERED PUBLISHED on second and final
reading by a vote of to this day of 2004
SIGNED by the Mayor on this day of 2004
GRETCHEN CERVENY, MAYOR
ATTEST:
Pamela Y. Anderson, City Clerk
ATTORNEY
1 st Publication:
2nd Publication:
Wheat Ridge Transcript
Effective Date:
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY CITY
GERALD DAHL, CITY ATTORNEY
LIGHTING STANDARDS
AD HOC COMMITTEE
MEETING AGENDA
SEPTEMBER 20, 2004
1. Introductions
2. Purpose of the Committee
3. Discussion of Other Cities' Standards
• Littleton
• Boulder
• Lone Tree
4. What Approach Makes Sense for Wheat Ridge?
5. Next Steps
• What additional information does the committee want?
• Agenda for the next meeting.
6. Set next meeting date
7. Adjourn
City of Wheat Ridge pE WHEglP
Community Development Department
Memorandum ~0(pgpOp
TO: Lighting Committee Members r
FROM: Alan White, Community Development Directory"
SUBJECT: Various Lighting Topics
DATE: September 16, 2004
Attached is some of the information the committee requested at the last meeting. The information
attached is:
A memorandum to the Planning Commission discussing lighting issues. The memo includes
definitions used in various codes and the lighting code for Littleton as Exhibit 4. The
lighting codes for Boulder and Lone Tree are also included.
2. The Dark Sky Ordinance
3. Information on lights typically used in outdoor lighting situations
4. A sheet showing the costs of operating various types of lights.
I did not have an opportunity to research court cases. The following paragraphs provide information
on incentives and amortization.
Incentives
The City's Code currently waives permit fees and use tax for a sign which replaces a nonconforming
sign. A similar provision could be made for nonconforming lighting.
Other than waiving fees, the city cannot offer any direct monetary incentives. There are funds
available to businesses through the EnergyStar program for converting low efficiency luminaries
with energy-saving luminaries. We could make this information available to businesses interested in
converting their lights.
Amortization
Boulder's lighting code establishes an amortization period of 15 years for non-conforming lights.
(Boulder's code is reproduced as Exhibit 3 in the memorandum to the Planning Commission.) The
code contains the following exemptions to the amortization provisions, but not the shielding
requirements:
Existing BPS and MH light fixtures that do not exceed the maximum allowable light levels
by more than 20%.
2. Existing BPS and MB light fixtures mounted on poles that exceed the maximum allowable
pole height, but do not exceed 35 feet in height, and do not exceed the maximum allowable
light levels.
Existing BPS and MB light fixtures that exceed the maximum lumen ratings, but comply
with the maximum allowable light levels.
Other amortization provisions deal with replacing fixtures and aiming lights:
1. Unshielded MV light fixtures must be removed or replaced with fixtures that meet the code
requirements by September 1, 2005.
2. If compliance can be achieved by replacing the bulb, the bulb must be replaced with one
meeting code requirements upon its failure or on September 1, 2004, whichever is earlier.
If compliance can be achieved by re-aiming a fixture, the fixture must be re-aimed by
September 1, 2004.
City of Wheat Ridge of WHEATP
Community Development Department m
Memorandum c~~OR
TO: Planning Commission
FROM: Alan White, Community Development Director
SUBJECT: Case No. ZOA 04-04, Lighting Standards
DATE: July 8, 2004
This Case is: _ Quasi-judicial
X Legislative
A public hearing for this code amendment has not been scheduled. This is a study session.
Background
In April the Planning Commission requested staff to develop new lighting standards based upon a
presentation of the objectives of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). Staff has not
prepared an ordinance, but rather has scheduled a study session to discuss some issues prior to
preparing the ordinance.
Other Jurisdictions' Standards
As is typical with code amendments, we have researched other jurisdictions' regulations. Some of
their pertinent standards are included in the attached table (Attachment 1.) Wheat Ridge is included
in the chart for comparison purposes.
The first column, "measurement based standards," is an indication of whether or not the jurisdiction
has a numerical limit on the lumens or foot-candles permitted at the property line, on site, total
property, or any combination of these limits. If "No" is indicated, the jurisdiction has a standard
similar to "no glare or spillage of light off site."
About half of the jurisdictions surveyed have some form of measurement based standards. These
range from fairly simple (Lone Tree) to complex (Boulder). These same jurisdictions also have foot-
candle limitations for certain uses (e.g., car lots) or certain lighting applications (e.g., canopies or
entrances). For comparison, attached are the lighting standards for Lone Tree and Boulder.
(Attachments 2 and 3.)
Most jurisdictions have limitations on height of lighting fixtures, with 40 feet being the maximum.
The maximum height for parking lot lighting is higher than other permitted lighting in some
jurisdictions and lighting for recreational facilities is exempt in some jurisdictions. The IDA
Handbook actually recommends against a height limitation in that poles less than 25 feet are
problematic.
ITEM I
About half the jurisdictions require lights to be turned off after close of business or completion of a
sporting event. There are no shut off requirements in the other jurisdictions, including Wheat Ridge,
unless it is a condition of approval of a final development plan or special use.
Eight of the 26 jurisdictions surveyed apply their lighting standards to signs. About half of the
jurisdictions specify the types of bulbs allowed, including Wheat Ridge. The most common bulbs
permitted are high pressure sodium, metal halide, and incandescent. Low pressure sodium bulbs are
allowed in Wheat Ridge, but specifically prohibited in other jurisdictions.
Seven of the 26 jurisdictions allow variances to the lighting standards. Five allow temporary
exemptions from the standards for special events. Wheat Ridge does not allow either.
Six jurisdictions have amortization periods, ranging from 2 years to 15 years. Wheat Ridge created
an amortization period in the code amendment in 2001, requiring nonconforming outdoor fixtures to
be brought into compliance with the new requirements by December 1, 2005.
Current City Standards
The City's current standards are performance based, not measurement based. The standards are
found in Section 26-503 of the Zoning and Development Code. A summary of the standards
follows:
• Fixtures shall be fully shielded to minimize "incidental" spillover or glare.
• Source of illumination shall not be visible from adjacent property or rights-of-way.
• Lighting shall be designed so that "substantially" all light falls within property.
• Exterior lighting shall be designed so that no incidental or reflected light interferes with
"reasonable enjoyment of adjacent land uses" or safe movement of motor vehicles.
• Metal halide and fluorescent fixtures shall be filtered; only high pressure sodium, low
pressure sodium and incandescent fixtures may be used for parking lot lighting.
• The level of illumination shall be consistent with minimum industry standards adopted by the
Illuminating Engineers Society (IES). (We don't have a copy of these standards and,
therefore, don't know if proposed lighting is consistent or not.)
• Lights mounted on poles are limited to 18 feet in height; all others are limited to 12 feet.
• A lighting plan is required for commercial, mixed use, and multi-family developments
o Site plan showing location of lighting fixtures.
o Photometric plan (showing foot-candle readings in a grid on the site).
o Lamp type and wattage.
o Heights of fixtures.
o Cut sheet showing design of fixture and designation as cutoff fixture.
Issues
From the International Dark Sky Association Outdoor Lighting Handbook:
"Implementation and enforcement of a lighting code affects planning and code enforcement staff. In
addition to the time required to review additional materials related to lighting, and possible follow-
up on-site to verify compliance, the staff will need to develop some familiarity with lighting terms
such as lumens, and the shielding characteristics of luminaires. Enforcement includes not only the
assurance that plans and constructions conforms (sic) to the standards of the code when the building
or lighting permit is issued and when the project is completed, but also monitoring of continuing
compliance after the project is completed. "
"Some areas of lighting codes suffer from difficulty or impracticality of enforcement... .
Some definitions:
• Foot-candle: A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the luminous flux per unit
area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
• Illuminance: The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux per unit area)
measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot (foot-candles).
• Lumen: Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by lamps.
• Lux: One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per unit area in the
metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
The International Dark-Sky Association has prepared the USA Pattern Lighting Code that can serve
as a model lighting ordinance for communities. It appears at least one local jurisdiction (Littleton)
has patterned their lighting code after this publication. Exhibit, 4 is Littleton's lighting code.
The issues the Commission needs to consider in recommending new standards to City Council are
summarized below.
1. How detailed should any lighting limitations be? Should the approach be the Lone Tree
approach, the Boulder approach, or the Littleton approach?
2. Are the standards going to apply to residential properties? What about the neighbor
complaining about the 1,000-watt security light from next door shining in his back yard all
night? What about street lighting, pedestrian lighting, and sport field lighting?
Review time by staff will increase in proportion to the complexity of the regulations. We
already review photometric plans, so that isn't a big adjustment. If the standards include
lumens or foot-candle restrictions for certain lighting situations as defined by Boulder, for
example, there will be more review time and more that is open to interpretation in applying
the standards.
4. One of staff's biggest concerns is the enforcement at time of construction and continual
monitoring thereafter for compliance. Construction inspection, now done at certain stages of
the building process (foundation, framing, plumbing, etc.), will need to include a verification
of the lighting installed versus the lighting approved on the plans. It could also include a
check of property line foot-candle readings prior to issuing a certificate of occupancy. We do
not have the staff to perform these inspections.
5. After construction is completed, APCO would do the enforcement. Unless officers
responded only on a complaint basis, enforcement would require continual monitoring of
properties. It is not an exaggeration to say they do not have the time to monitor lighting
situations and would probably have higher priority calls to deal with. As they would be
enforcing the new standards and we would be creating more work for them, they need to be
part of the process of creating and understanding any new regulations. Additional training
may be needed. While the operation of a light meter may be fairly straight forward, how do
you separate the light emanating from a parking lot from the light coming from the nearby
street light?
6. A second concern is creating an amortization schedule. If we develop new standards, we
should probably change the current December 2005 compliance date. What is a reasonable
amortization time? If we don't amortize the current, non-conforming lights, we would be
creating new standards only for new projects that might come along. The overall result of
reducing light pollution in the community might be minimal. Amortization is effective only
if we know what properties do not comply with the new regulations and how they do not
comply. We would have to inventory the lighting on each site in the City. We do not have
the staff to do this.
If an amortization schedule is created or the current one is revised, business owners and
landowners should be involved in the process of developing the new standards so that it is
not a surprise when they get a notice to change their lights at the end of the amortization
period.
8. If it is decided to use IDA approach, it is recommended that we engage the services of an
illuminating engineer to educate staff, Planning Commission, City Council, and the public
about illumination and to review or help write the new regulations. Unless the approach is to
minimally change the existing regulations, new regulations shouldn't be adopted unless an
expert can advise us on what works and what doesn't.
Staff Recommendations,
• Strengthen current regulations by setting property line foot-candle limits.
• Establish foot-candle limits for canopies, display areas, entrances, etc.
• Clarify bulbs that are allowed.
• Require shut off after hours.
• Apply the new standards to lighted signs.
• Continue requiring light plan for any site development.
• Investigate different height limitations.
• Discuss amortization; if amortization is proposed, then:
o Create a process for business owner and landowner input.
o Hire an illuminating engineer
Exhibit 1: Lighting Standards in Other Jurisdictions
.o° ap a° o _s
a' oC` ~ c`y o.° C¢ of ,0.° yQ eF ea
00 ow OAS a 3p ,gyp ? J
a~ y Q`. ,p~ Joe ~m+P` ~,.t` P$° Qoo'
C
40
WY
Arapahoe
Y
Y
15 to 25 feet;
Lighting plans must
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
County
35 feet for
address lighting
parking lots
controls for post
over 5 acres.
curfew hours. Lights
shall be turned off by
10:00 p.m. or within
1 hour of closing.
Sports field or court
lighting shall be
fumed off 30 minutes
after the last event.
Arvada
N
Y
Parking lot
All non-residential
N
N
N
N
N
lighting - 18 to
lighting (except for
35 feet.
security purposes)
Pedestrian
shall be turned off
lighting - 12 to
one hour after
14 feet
dosing and not
turned back on until
1 hour before
o enin .
Aurora
No,
Y
16 to 25 feel
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Boulder
Y
Y
12 to 25 feet;
Field or court lights
Y
Y
Y
Y
15 years
35 feet for
within 30 minutes of
parking lots
the last event.
over 5 acres,
Service station
for sports
canopies and
lighting or as
vehicular display ligh
approved by
must be minimized
city manager.
within 1 hour of
dosing.
Recommended after
dose for other uses.
Broomfield
Set case by
N
16 feet for
N
N
N
N
N
N
case in PUD's
walkway
lighting
Castle Rock
Y
Y
25 to 40 feet
Lighting plans must
Y
N
Y
N
N
address lighting
-
controls for post
curfew hours. Lights
on property adjacent
to residentially zoned
land (except for
security purposes)
must be reduced by
50% within 1 hour of
dosing and within 1
hour of opening.
Page 1
Centennial
Y
Y
15 to 25 feet;
Lighting plans must
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
(adopted
35 feet for
address lighting
parking lots
controls for post
Arapahoe
-
over 5 acres.
curfew hours. Lights
County
shall be turned off by
standards)
10:00 p.m. or within
1 hour of closing.
Sports field or court
lighting shall be
turned off 30 minutes
after the last event
Commerce
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
CI
Denver
Y
Y
12 to 35 feet;
Reduction required i
N
Y
N
N
N
40 feet for
to 2 hours after
parking lots
dosing for all uses
over 8 acres
except businesses
and tennis
open 24 hours and
courts.
lighting for security
purposes.
Douglas
Y
N
24 to 40 feet
1 hour after dosing
N
N
N
N
N
County
and within 1 hour of
opening. Sports
arena lighting must
be extinguished by
10:00 P.M. or
immediately following
the event.
Englewood
No,
N
25 feet for auto
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
sales.
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Golden
No,
N
Shall not
N-
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
exceed the
uses a no
lesser of 5 feet
spillage off
taller than the
property
main building
standard.
or 25 feet.
Greenwood
Y
N
18 feet
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Village
Jefferson
Y
N
12 to 20 feet;
N
N
Y
N
N
N
County
public sports
_
and cultural
facilities are
exempt.
Lafayette
No,
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Lakewood
No,
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Littleton
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
5 years
Page 2
Lone Tree
Y
Y
24 to 40 feet
1 hour after closing
Y
Y
N
N
N
and within 1 hour of
opening (except for
security purposes).
Longmont
Y
Y
Residential
Outdoor recreational
N
Y
N
N
3 years
zone districts -
uses no later than
16 feet. Non-
11:30 p.m.
residential and
public zone
districts - 25
feet.
Louisville
Y
Y
20 to 24 feet
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Morrison
Y
Y
1210 25 feet,
Field or court lights
Y
Y
Y
Y
15 years
(based on
35 feet for
within 30 minutes of
parking lots
the last event.
ordinance
over 5 acres,
Service station
draft, has not
for sports
canopies and
passed as of
lighting or as
vehicular display light
6130104)
approved by
must be minimized
Planning
within 1 hour of
Commission.
closing.
Recommended after
close for other uses.
Silverthorne
Y
Y
Residential -
1 hour after closing
N
Y
N
N
Approximately
15 feet,
and within i hour of
2 years
Commercial -
opening. If business
18 feet,
is open 24 hours, no
Pedestrian - 8
decorative or
feet
architectural lighting
may be illuminated
after 10:00 p.m. if
adjacent to a
residential zone
district.
Superior
No,
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
-
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard..
Thornton
No,
N
35 feet for
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
parking lots.
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Westminster
No, off site
N
30 feet for
N
N
N
N
N
N
glare is not
parking lots.
permitted
though.
Wheat Ridge
No,
N
12 to 18 feet
N
N
Y
N
N
5 years
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Page 3
0 City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2004
SECTION 30 LIGHTING STANDARDS
3001 Intent
To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and pedestrian
conflicts, provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites and
minimize the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land
uses.
3002 Lighting Standards
All outdoor lighting shall meet the following standards:
3002.01 External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb or direct lamp image) is not visible from any
adjacent property, except for Director approved limited decorative
lighting, approved streetscape lighting, or as otherwise provided
herein.
3002.02 Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to street, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall
conform with the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true
cut-off fixtures (90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from
vertical). No portion of the bulb or direct lamp image may be visible
beyond two mounting heights from the fixture.
If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of
the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture
IES classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
3002.03 All lights must be retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the
light conforms with IES criteria for true cut-off fixtures as noted in
3001.02 herein.
30-2
EXHIBIT 2
0 City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2004
3002.04 All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must
be extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and
remain extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of
business hours. For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candies at
entrances, stairways and loading docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the
rest of the site is permitted.
3002.05 Lights which are mounted on the ground or poles for the purpose of
illuminating the building facade are prohibited, unless otherwise
approved through the Site Improvement Plan process.
3002.06 Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of
150 watts or less may be permitted to illuminate landscape plant
pedestrian walkways, signage, or product display areas. ignage
lighting shall be extinguished within one hour of the end o iness
hours and remain extinguished until one hour prior to commencement
of business hours.
3002.07 Blinking, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs shall
be prohibited, except for temporary holiday displays or lighting
required by the FAA for air traffic control and warning purposes.
3002.08 No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere
with the safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares.
The following is prohibited:
3002.08.01 Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that
produces incident or reflected light that could be disturbing to
the operator ofa motor vehicle.
3002.08.02 Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic
control device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or
City government.
3002.09 No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
3002.10 All stadium and all other exterior sports arena lights used for the
purpose of illumination of the playing area must be extinguished by
10:00 p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the
day. The remainder of the facility lighting, except for reasons of
security, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after
the event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour
prior to the commencement of the next event. For reasons of
30-3
AIM City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2009
security, however, a maximum level of 1.5 foot-candles at entrances
and stairways, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted.
3002.11 Maximum fixture height for all lighting shall be:
• 24 feet when fixture is located within 75 feet of the site's
boundary; and
40 feet when the fixture is located beyond 75 feet from the
site's boundary provided that for mounting heights in excess of
24feet, the distance of the fixture to the site's boundary be not
less than three times the mounting height.
3002.12 All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or
public right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES
Type III or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with
a "house side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential or
public right-of-way property line.
3002.13 Acceptable bulb types:
High Pressure Sodium
Metal Halide (coated preferred)
Incandescent
3002.14 Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed the following and may
be reduced if adjacent to residential or other similar sensitive type
land use:
3002.14.01 Ten (10) foot-candles in areas adjacent to building entryways.
Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall include light spillage from
within the building as well as light from signage.
3002.14.02 Three (3) foot-candles for parking lot areas.
3002.14.03 Ten to thirty-five (10-35) foot-candles for special display areas
associated with such uses as auto sales.
3002.14.04 Thirty (30) foot-candles under canopies of service stations or
similar approved uses.
Exceptions may be granted for the lighting of monument or
other signs, which enhance the City's identity or image.
30-4
0 City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2004
3002.16 Light levels measured 20 feet beyond the site's property line
(adjacent to residential or public right-of-way) shall never exceed 0.1
foot-candies as a direct result of the on-site lighting.
3002.17 All project lighting must receive final administrative approval,
including illumination levels and types of fixtures prior to issuance of a
Certificate of Occupancy. Any unsatisfactory lights must be further
shielded, reduced or increased in intensity, or removed.
30-5
BOULDER LIGHTING STANDARDS
9-3.3-17 Outdoor Lighting.
(a) Purpose: The purposes of the outdoor lighting standards are to:
(1) Provide adequate light for safety and security;
(2) Promote efficient and cost effective lighting and to conserve energy;
(3) Reduce light pollution, light trespass, glare, and offensive light
sources;
(4) Provide an environmentally sensitive nighttime environment that
includes the ability to view the stars against a dark sky so that people can
see the Milky Way Galaxy from residential and other appropriate viewing
areas;
(5) Prevent inappropriate, poorly designed or installed outdoor lighting;
(6) Encourage quality lighting design; light fixture shielding, establish
maximum uniformity ratios and establish maximum light levels within and
on property lines; and
(7) Establish an amortization program to remove or replace light fixtures
that exceed the requirements permitted by this section.
(b) Legislative Findings Regarding the Amortization Provisions: The city council adopts
the following findings regarding the amortization provisions of this section:
(1) On balance, that the burdens created to individual property owners by
the amortization provisions of this section are greatly outweighed by the
benefits that will be provided to all of the citizens in and visitors to the
City of Boulder and areas that are in close proximity to the City of
Boulder. The value of the fixtures required to be replaced by this section
are minimal, and that on balance, the burden placed on the property owner
is minimal, given the value of such fixtures against the benefits gained by
such replacement, which is a substantial decrease of unnecessary light
pollution.
(2) The amortization period, based upon the formula that is used by the
United States Internal Revenue Service to depreciate fixtures attached to
real property over a fifteen year period is reasonable and provides a
rational basis for the amortization schedule set forth in this section.
EXHIBIT 3 f
(3) The adopted amortization periods, together with an opportunity for
extensions beyond the time periods set in this section will allow the
property owner to recoup or recover costs or otherwise reap the benefits of
the useful life of such improvements in a manner that is consistent with
the generally accepted methods of depreciating fixtures utilized by the
United States Internal Revenue Service.
(c) Scope: This section shall apply to all exterior lighting including illumination from
outdoor signs that impact the outdoor environment. No person shall install any light
fixture unless such fixture meets the requirements of this section.
(1) Conformance at the Time of Building Permit Application: Compliance
with the requirements of this chapter shall be required for all new
development. The following outdoor lighting improvements shall be
installed prior to a final inspection for any building permit for any
redevelopment which exceeds the following thresholds:
(A) When development or redevelopment, exceeds twenty-
five percent of the Boulder County Assessor's actual value
of the existing structure then all existing unshielded
exterior light fixtures shall be retrofitted with shielding to
prevent light trespass.
(B) When development or redevelopment exceeds fifty
percent of the Boulder County Assessor's actual value of
the existing structure then:
(i) All exterior lighting, except existing
parking lot lighting, shall be brought into
conformance with the requirements of this
section; and
(ii) All existing parking lot light fixtures
shall be retrofitted with shielding to prevent
light trespass.
(C) When development or redevelopment exceeds seventy-
five percent of the Boulder County Assessor's actual value
of the existing structure then all exterior lighting fixtures
shall be brought into full conformance with the
requirements of this section.
(2) Replacement of Fixtures: If an existing light fixture is removed, it shall
only be replaced with a conforming light fixture.
(d) Design Standards: No person shall install or maintain any exterior lighting that fails to
meet the requirements of this section:
(1) Maximum Light Levels at Property Line: The maximum light level at
any point on a property line shall not exceed 0.1 footcandles within or
adjacent to a residential zone or 0.2 footcandles in non-residential zones
except as follows:
(A) The light emitted by light fixtures mounted on a
structure built within five feet of a public street right-of-
way or sidewalk, shall not exceed the maximum allowable
light levels for "pedestrian areas" specified in subsection
(e) of this section for the underlying zoning district or use.
The maximum allowable light level shall include any
existing or proposed street or pedestrian lighting located
within the right of way. In no case shall the maximum
allowable light level within the right-of-way, excluding
street lights, exceed 0.2 footcandles when measured at the
curbline.
(B) In non-residential zoning districts, unless a variance has
been granted, light levels exceeding 0.2 footcandles at the
property line may be approved by the city manager upon
finding that the increased light levels will not adversely
affect an adjacent property owner. Evidence that the light
will not adversely affect an adjacent property owner may
include, without limitation, a statement from such property
owner that it will not be adversely affected by the increased
light levels. The maximum allowable light levels specified
in subsection (e) of this section shall not be exceeded.when
measured on the property line.
(2) White Light Source Required: White light sources that include,
without limitation, metal halide, fluorescent, or induction lamps, but
excluding incandescent and halogen lamps, shall be required for any light
fixture which exceeds two thousand four hundred lumens that is within a
parking lot, vehicular circulation, or pedestrian use area.
(3) Use of High Pressure Sodium LMss: Full cutoff high pressure sodium
lamps, not exceeding a maximum lumen rating of sixteen thousand
lumens, may be used in outdoor storage areas and other similar use areas
not accessible to the general public and the need for good color rendering
capabilities for safety and security is not necessary.
(4) Architectural Lighting of Building Facades: The lighting of a building
facade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative purposes is permitted
subject to the following restrictions:
(A) Upward aimed building facade lighting shall not
exceed nine hundred lumens. All upward aimed light shall
be fully shielded, fully confined from projecting into the
sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted as flush to a
wall as possible.
(B) Building facade lighting exceeding nine hundred
lumens shall be fully shielded, aimed downward, and
mounted as flush to a wall as possible.
(C) Building facade lighting shall be fully contained within
the vertical surface of the wall being illuminated.
(D) Building facade lighting that is measurable at the
ground level shall be included in the maximum allowable
light levels.
(5) Unshielded Lighting Activated by a Motion Sensor: Unshielded
lighting that emits more than nine hundred lumens but less than or equal to
one thousand two hundred lumens is permitted provided that it is activated
by a motion sensor and provided it is aimed and located in such a manner
as to prevent glare and light trespass. The light shall only go on when
activated and go off within five minutes of activation. Motion sensor
activated lighting shall not be triggered by any movement or activity
located off the property on which the light is located.
(6) Ste: All exterior signs shall be required to meet the standards for this
section. In addition, all exterior signs are also subject to the requirements
set forth in Chapter 10-11, "Signs on Private Property," B.R.C. 1981.
(7) Standards for Lights Adjacent to Residential Zoning Districts,
Residential Uses or Public Right-of-Ways: Any light fixture located
within ten feet of a property line, of a residential zoning district, an
existing residential use, or within ten feet of a public right-of-way, except
as permitted in subsection (d)(1)(A) of this section shall be:
(A) Aimed away from the property line, residential zone,
residential use, and/or right-of-way;
(B) Classified as an IESNA Type III or Type IV light
fixture; and
(C) Shielded on the side closest to the property line,
residential zone, residential use, or public ri ght-of-way.
(8) Canopy Lighting: Lighting fixtures mounted under canopies used for
vehicular shelter shall be aimed downward and installed such that the
bottom of the light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or
mounted flush with the bottom surface of the canopy. A full cutoff light
fixture may project below the underside of a canopy. All light emitted by
an under-canopy fixture shall be substantially confined to the ground
surface directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy. No lighting, except
that permitted by the sign ordinance, shall be permitted on the top or sides
of a canopy.
(9) Flagpoles: A flagpole meeting the requirements of Chapter 10-11,
"Signs on Private Property," B.R.C. 1981, may be illuminated by one
upward aimed fully shielded spotlight light fixture which shall not exceed
three thousand five hundred lumens. The light fixture shall be placed as
close to the base of the flagpole as reasonably possible.
(10) Strings of Lights: No person shall use a string of lights on property
with non-residential uses except as follows:
(A) Strings of lights may only be used if they are approved
by the city manager as part of an outdoor lighting plan or
landscape plan. The plan must comply with all of the
standards of this subsection. The purpose of such lighting is
intended to create pleasing pedestrian spaces, such as an
outdoor dining or patio areas, utilizing low lighting levels.
(B) Strings of lights permitted under this subsection shall
be displayed in compliance with the following standards:
(i) The string of lights contains only low
wattage bulbs that are not greater than fifty
lumens per bulb (equivalent to a seven watt
C7 incandescent bulb);
(ii) The string of lights shall be located
within a pedestrian way, plaza, patio,
outdoor dining area, or the primary entry
into a building;
(iii) The string of lights is not placed in any
required landscape setback adjacent to a
street;
(iv) The string of lights shall be displayed on
a building, wall, fence, trees, and shrubs;
and
(v) The string of lights shall not suspend
horizontally between any buildings, walls,
fences, trees, or shrubs (for the purposes of
this paragraph, "horizontally" means any
portion of the suspended string which dips
less than forty-five degrees below the
horizontal).
(11) Parking Lot Lights and Trees: Parking lot light fixtures and poles
shall be located such that trees located within the parking lot do not
obscure the operation of the light fixture.
(12) Full Cutoff Fixtures: Full cutoff fixtures shall be installed in a
horizontal position as designed.
(e) Maximum Light Standards: No person shall operate any device which makes light in
excess of the levels specified in this section. Light from any fixture shall not exceed any
of the limits for the applicable zoning district or use classification in Tables "A" and "B."
In the event an applicant utilizes light levels at the highest level permitted for a specific
use area, such lighting shall be substantially confined to that particular use area.
Table A
Zoning District Requirements
Residential Zoning Districts
Commercial,
Dc
and
Public Zoning District and
Dish
IIndustria
Zoning
trkb
Public Uses in Residential
(not including public usea)
Zones
5.0 at building entries
5.0 at building entries
5.0 at building entries
3.0 in parking areas
5.0 in parking areas
5.0 in parking lots
Maximum allowable light leveh
3.0 along pedestrian
(measured in footcandles)
3.0 along pedestrian walkways
3.0 along pedestrian walkways
walkways
2.0 in common open span
2.0 in outdoor storage areas (max.
area
1
1 uniformity ratio requirements are
not applicable)
Maximum Uniformity Ratio (mu to
rJa
10:1 (except as noted above)
10:1
min.)
Maximum lumen rating for a full
8,500. parking areas of 6 or
1
14,000
1 1
14000
cutoff luminaire shielded from view of
more spaces
adjacent streets and properties
4,000 - walkway lights and
23,500 on 35 foot pole when
common area
permitted
1,800 stairways and entryways
F1
16,000 for High Pressure Sodium
1
1
1
when permitted
Maximum lumen rating for an IESNA
900
1,250
1
250
cutoff or semi cutoff figure
,
900: except no lamp or bulb,
Maximum lumen rating for an
other than for seasonal displays
unshielded light firture
and landscape ornamental
900
900
lighting, shall be visible
beyond the property line
Controls
Motion sensors required for all
ded fixtures in ex
Recommended after close of
ended after close of
E
=
900 lumens;
900
business
b
20 feet in parking lots within
20 feel in parking lots
25 feel in parking Tots
or adjacent to residential
zones, otherwise 25 foot
Maximum allowable pole height
maximum
(includes base, pole and luminaire)
I5 feet in all other areas
35 feel for contiguous panting lots
of 5 or more acres in size
20 feet in all other areas
Table B
Special Use Requirements
Parking Strucmra and
Service Stations,
Covered Parking Be- loa Private Recreation Use
Public Recreation Use
1
Automobile Dealerships,
1
Building
Drive-Up Windows
The laser of 30
5.0 within structure and in lootcandla or the
The IESNA recommended
5.0 in building entries and
+
structure, and pedestrian IESNA recommended
standards for the specific
drive-up windows
entries standards fw the specific
sports venue
spores venue
Maximum allowable li hI levels
g
5.0 for uncovered upper 5 0 in
levels parking lots
5.0 in panting lots
1
20.0 under service station
i
1
canop
es
(measured in footcandles)
5.0 for exterior an
pedestn 4.0 in pedestrian areas
4.0 in pedestrian areas
15.0 within vehicular
circulation areas
display areas
5.0 in parking lots
3.0 along pedestrian
walkways
5:1 within parking 3:1 on sports field or
3;1 on sports field or court
1
10:1
1
Maximum uniformity ratio
structure coun
(max
to mix
)
.
.
1 10:1 remainder of site 1 Oa remainder Of site
10:1 remainder of site
Maximum lumen rating for a
23,500
107,000
full cutoff light fixture shielded
14,000
14,000
from view of adjacent streets
field or court area
spoor field
and properties
8,500
23,000
parking and pedestrian
areas
coons
13,500
parking areas
8,500
pedestrian areas
Maximum lumen raring for ao
]ESNA cutoff or semi cutoR
1,600'
1
1,250
1 1
4,000
1
1,800
light fixture
Maximum lumen rating for an
900
900
900
900
unshielded light fixture
Sports shielding
n/a
internal and external
internal and external
n/a
Light fixture aiming angle
n/a
not grater than 60 degrees
from nadir
n/a
Field or coon lights shall
Service station canopies and
Automatic daylight
be tamed off within 30
Field or court lights shall be
vehicular display light shall
Controls
adaptation controls
minutes of the last event
turned off within 30 minutes
not exceed 5.0 footcandles
required
or 12:00 midnight
after the last event
within 1 hour of the close of
whichever is earlier
business
Maximum allowably pole
12 felt for uncovered
20 feet in residential
20 feet in parking lots within
or adjacent to residential
20 feet when adjacent to
residential zones, otherwise
height
upper level parking
zones
zones, otherwise 25 feet
25 feet in parking lots
(Includes base, pole, and light
35 feet for sports lighting or
fixture)
25 fcet in all other nines
as approved by the city
20 feet in all other areas
manager per Section 9-4-11,
"Site Review," B.RC. 1981
(f) Prohibitions: No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting
fixtures:
(1) Mercury vapor lamps;
(2) Low pressure sodium lamps, unless within six hundred feet of an
existing astronomical observatory, which is owned or operated by a
governmental entity;
(3) Blinking, flashing, moving, revolving, flickering, changing intensity or
color, and chase lighting, except lighting for temporary seasonal displays,
lighting for public safety or required for air traffic safety;
(4) Any light fixture that may be confused with or construed as a traffic
control device;
(5) Any upward oriented lighting except as otherwise provided for in this
section;
(6) Searchlights, beacons, and laser source light fixtures;
(7) Exposed linear lamps that include, without limitation, neon, Light
Emitting Diode (L.E.D.), and fluorescent lighting, primarily intended as an
architectural highlight to attract attention or used as a means of
identification or advertisement except as permitted by Chanter 10-11,
"Signs on Private Property," B.R.C. 1981; and
(8) Any lamp or bulb not within a light fixture (except for seasonal
displays and landscape ornamental lighting) visible beyond the property
line on which it is located.
(g) Lighting Plans Required: A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit
application except for a single detached dwelling unit on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
(1) A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
(2) The location and description including mature height of existing and .
proposed trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or
the street right-of- way within ten feet of the subject property;
(3) The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
(4) The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
(5) The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach
light, globe, and a copy of the manufacturers catalog information sheet
and IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
(6) Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
(7) Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
(8) A light calculation which shows the maximum light levels on a grid
not to exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
ten feet beyond the lot or parcel property line. The grid shall also indicate
maximum to minimum uniformities for each specific use area such as
parking and circulation areas, pedestrian areas, and other common public
areas.
(h) Final Inspection and Certification: Prior to a building permit final inspection or the
issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the
outdoor lighting as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the city manager in writing.
The certification shall be submitted in a format prescribed by the city manager. The
certification shall be completed by the architect, electrical engineer, electrical contractor,
or lighting consultant responsible for the plans or the final installation.
(i) Exceptions: The standards of this section shall not apply to the following types of
exterior lighting:
(1) Ornamental Lighting: Low voltage (twelve volts or less), low wattage
ornamental landscape lighting fixtures, and solar operated light fixtures
having self-contained rechargeable batteries, where any single light fixture
does not exceed one hundred lumens.
(2) Strings of Light: Strings of light, not exceeding a maximum of fifty
lumens per lamp, (equivalent of a seven watt C7 incandescent light bulb)
on properties located in all residential zoning districts or on properties that
are used exclusively for residential uses shall be exempt from the
requirements of this chapter.
(3) Aviation Li ting: Lighting used exclusively for aviation purposes. All
heliport lighting, except lighting associated with emergency facilities,
shall be turned off when the heliport is not in use.
(4) Right-of-Way Li ting: Public lighting that is located within the right-
of-way.
(5) Seasonal Lighting Displays: Lighting displays from November 15
through January 30 of the following year.
6) Variances and Exemptions: The city manager is authorized to grant variances to this
section in accordance with the following standards:
(1) Equivalent Material: The provisions of this section are not intended to
prevent the use of any design, material or method of installation not
specifically prohibited by this section provided any such alternate has been
approved by the city manager. The city manager may approve any such
alternate provided that the proposed design, material or method provides
an approximate equivalent method of satisfying the standards of this
section.
(2) Variance: The city manager may grant a variance from the provisions
of this section if the city manager finds that one of the criteria of
subparagraph 0)(2)(A), (B) or (C), and subparagraphs 0)(2)(D) and (E) of
this section have been met:
(A) There are special circumstances or conditions applying
to the land, buildings, or outdoor light fixtures for which
the variance is sought, which circumstances or conditions
are peculiar to such land, buildings or outdoor light fixtures
and do not apply generally to the land, buildings or outdoor
light fixtures in the neighborhood;
(B) For non-residential uses, there are occupational safety
lighting requirements for activities or processes that occur
outdoors that are required by another governmental agency;
or
(C) Upon a finding by the city manager that outdoor
lighting in specific areas of the community, that otherwise
meets the requirements of this section is not adequate and
additional lighting is necessary to improve safety or
security for the property or its occupants; and
(D) The granting of the variance will generally be
consistent with the purpose of this section and will not be
injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to
the public welfare; and
(E) The variance is the minimum variance that provides the
relief required.
(3) Temporary Lighting Exemption: The city manager may grant an
exemption from the requirements of this section for temporary outdoor
activities that include, without limitation, fairs, carnivals, sporting events,
concerts, and promotional activities, if the city manager finds the
following:
(A) The length of time that the temporary lighting is to be
used is not longer than thirty days;
(B) The proposed lighting is designed in such a manner as
to minimize light pollution, light trespass, and glare as
much as feasible; and
(C) The proposed lighting will comply with the general
purpose of this section.
(k) Amortization: All exterior lighting fixtures which do not conform to the following
standards shall be brought into conformance no later than fifteen years from the date of
adoption of this section.
(1) Extension of Amortization Period: The city manager may extend the
amortization period of this section. The city manager shall provide a
compliance date for meeting the requirements of this section under a plan
whereby the owner's actual investment in the improvements before the
time that the use became non-standard under this section can be amortized
within a definite time period. The city manager shall consider the
following factors in determining a reasonable amortization period:
(A) The owner's investment in improvements and other
assets on the property before the time the improvements
became non-standard.
(B) Any costs that are directly attributable to the
establishment of a compliance date, including demolition
expenses, and reconstruction expenses.
(C) Any return on investment since inception of the use,
including net income and depreciation.
(D) The anticipated annual recovery of investment,
including net income and depreciation.
(2) Compliance Requirement: If the city manager establishes a compliance
date for a non-conforming use, the use must cease operations on that date
and it may not operate thereafter unless it meets the lighting standards of
the Boulder Revised Code.
(3) Appeal: A property owner that requested the extension of an
amortization period under this section that is aggrieved by any decision of
the city manager denying such an extension may appeal to the Board of
Zoning Adjustment by providing a notice to the city manager of the
owner's intent to appeal within fourteen days after receiving notice of the
city's decision. The hearing shall be held in conformance with the
requirements of Subsection 9-3.6-2(d), B.R.C. 1981.
(4) Exempt from Amortization Requirements: The following shall be
exempt from the amortization provisions, but not the shielding
requirements, of this section:
(A) Existing high pressure sodium and metal halide light
fixtures which do not exceed the maximum allowable light
levels of subsection (e) of this section by more than twenty
percent;
(B) Existing high pressure sodium and metal halide light
fixtures mounted on poles which exceed the maximum
allowable pole heights of subsection (e) of this section, but
do not exceed thirty-five feet in height, and do not exceed
the maximum allowable light levels of subsection (e) of
this section;
(C) Existing high pressure sodium and metal halide light
fixtures which exceed the maximum lumen ratings of
subsection (e) of this section, but comply with the
maximum allowable light levels of subsection (e) of this
section.
(5) Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the fifteen year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or
bulbs shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
(A) Replacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light
Fixtures: Existing unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures
shall be removed or replaced with a light fixture that meets
the requirement of this section by September 1, 2005.
(B) Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance
with this section can be achieved by replacement of a light
bulb, the light bulb shall be replaced with one that meets
the requirements of this section upon its failure or on
September 1, 2004, whichever is earlier.
(C) Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with
this section can be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such
fixture shall be reaimed by September 1, 2004.
10'-15-1: PURPOSE AND INTENT:
10-15-1: PURPOSE AND INTENT:
http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/ 13015000000001000.htn
It is the intent of this chapter to define practical and effective measures by which the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and/or careless outdoor light usage can be minimized, while preserving
safety, security, and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property. These measures will curtail
the degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed, increasing the use of energy
efficient sources, and decreasing the wastage of light and glare resulting from over lighting and
poorly shielded or inappropriately directed lighting fixtures. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
EXHIBIT 4
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10-15-2: DEFINITIONS:
As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words and
phrases shall mean the following:
DEVELOPMENT: Any residential, commercial, industrial or mixed use subdivision plan or
development plan, including, but not limited to, site development plans, planned development
overlays, subdivision plat or planned development plan, which is submitted to the city for
approval.
DIRECT ILLUMINATION: Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces such as
the ground or. building faces.
DIRECTLY VISIBLE: Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
DISPLAY LOT OR AREA: Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify as a
display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile sales, boat
sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales, assembly lots, swap
meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses by the community
development director.
FLOODLIGHT: A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
FOOT-CANDLE: A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the luminous flux
per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
FULLY SHIELDED LIGHT FIXTURE: A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or indirectly by
reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected below the horizontal as
determined by photometric test or certified by the manufacturer. Any structural part of the light
fixture providing this shielding must be permanently affixed.
GLARE: The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is sufficiently
brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss
in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude of glare depends on such
factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on the brightness level to which the
eyes are adapted.
ILLUMINANCE: The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux per unit
area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot (foot-candles).
ILLUMINATION ENGINEER: A professional engineer having received training in the
artiscience of illumination.
LIGHT POLLUTION: Any adverse effect of manmade light.
i
LIGHT TRESPASS: Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across property
boundaries.
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LIGHTING ZONES: The three (3) lighting zones are defined in this section. Guidelines used to
guide the delineation of the lighting zones are:
(A) Lighting Zone E-3: Includes land use zones B-1, B-2, B-3, PD-C, PD-I, CA, T and PD-X
as areas of high ambient lighting levels. This zone generally includes urban areas with
primary land uses for commercial, business and industrial activity, including highway
commercial and downtown districts.
(B) Lighting Zone E-2: Includes land use zones R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3X, R-5, CA and PD-R as
areas of medium ambient lighting levels. This zone generally includes suburban/urban
residential areas.
(C) Lighting Zone E-1: Includes land use zones A-1, R-S, R-L, and R-E as areas of low
ambient lighting levels. This zone generally includes rural residential and agricultural areas.
LUMEN: Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by tamps.
LUMINAIRE: The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors, lenses
and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light fixture. For
purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light fixture, lighting assemblies
which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded lamps on a single pole or standard shall
be considered as a single unit.
LUMINOUS TUBE: A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon, argon,
mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused to emit light by
the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various forms for use as decoration
or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common fluorescent tubes.
LUX: One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per unit area in
the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
MULTIUSE LIGHTING: Any property having multiuse zoning or multiple approved uses are
required to use the more restrictive requirements of this code when two (2) or more uses are
approved.
NET ACREAGE: The remaining area after deleting all portions for proposed and existing public
roadways within a development parcel or subdivision. For parcels including those special uses
listed in section 10-15-6 of this chapter that are exempted from the lumens per acre caps of
section 10-15-4 of this chapter (recreational facilities, outdoor display), the area devoted to the
special use shall also be excluded from the net acreage. For development proposals improving
less than the entire parcel, the net acreage includes all areas included in the footprint of all
structures and site modifications or improvements, such as, but not limited to, setbacks or
buffer areas, parking lots, access drives, landscaping, and sidewalks, plus any applicable
setbacks that would apply to further potential developments on the remaining unimproved
parcel, and after deleting all portions for proposed and existing public roadways. An example of
this would be an office development only utilizing two (2) of three (3) possible acres for
structures, landscaping, and paved areas. The net acreage used in determining the allowable
lumens per acre would be two (2) acres.
OUTDOOR LIGHT FIXTURE: An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or reflective
surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or portable, used for
illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall include, but are not limited to,
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10-15-2: DEFII UIONS:
lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(1) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
http://66.113.195.234/CO/Li ttletont I3015000000002000.htrr
OUTDOOR LIGHT OUTPUT, TOTAL: The initial total amount of light, measured in lumens,
from all lamps used in outdoor light fixtures. Includes all lights used for external illumination of
signs, but does not include lights used to illuminate signs internally or luminous tubing used in
signs. For lamp types that vary in their output as they age (such as high pressure sodium,
fluorescent and metal halide), the initial lamp output, as defined by the manufacturer, is the
value to be considered. For determining compliance with section 10-15-4. "Shielding And Total
Outdoor Light Output Standards", of this chapter, the light emitted from lamps in outdoor light
fixtures is to be included in the total output as follows:
(A) Outdoor light fixtures installed on poles (such as parking lot luminaires) and light fixtures
installed on the sides of buildings or other structures, when not shielded from above by the
structure itself as defined in subsections B, C and D of this definition, are to be included in
the total outdoor light output by simply adding the initial lumen outputs of the lamps;
(B) Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage
decks), overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least
five feet (5') but less than ten feet (10') from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang
are to be included in the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-quarter
(0.25) of the lamp's rated initial lumen output;
(C) Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage
decks), overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least
ten feet (10') but less than thirty feet (30') from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang
are to be included in the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-tenth
(0.10) of the lamp's rated initial lumen output.
(D) Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage
decks), overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located thirty
(30) or more feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are not to be included in
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the total outdoor light output. Such lamps must however conform.to the lamp source and
shielding requirements of section 10-15-4 of this chapter.
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football fields, golf
courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
SEARCHLIGHT: A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in a
specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the lamp, and with
a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such lights are used commonly
to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
SIGN, EXTERNALLY ILLUMINATED: A sign illuminated by light sources from the outside.
SIGN, INTERNALLY ILLUMINATED: A sign illuminated by light sources enclosed entirely
within the sign cabinet and not directly visible from outside the sign.
SPOTLIGHT: A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light illuminating a
defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small area.
TEMPORARY LIGHTING: Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code and
which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar year, with one
thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses which by their nature are of
limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic events, or construction projects.
USE, ABANDONMENT OF: The relinquishment of a property, or the cessation of a use or
activity by the owner or tenant for a period of six (6) months, excluding temporary or short term
interruptions for the purpose of remodeling, maintaining, or otherwise improving or rearranging
a facility. A use shall be deemed abandoned when such use is suspended as evidenced by the
cessation of activities or conditions which constitute the principle use of the property. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
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10-15-3: APPLICABILITY:
10-15-3: APPLICABILITY:
http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/ I3015000000003000.htn
(A)New Uses, Buildings, Major Or Minor Additions Or Modifications To Outdoor Lighting: For all
proposed new land uses, developments, buiidings, and structures that require an applicant
to process a site development plan, planned development plan, or planned development
overlay, all outdoor lighting fixtures shall meet the requirements of this chapter. Modification
or replacement of outdoor lighting, during the applicable atnortization period, shall require
the submission of a lighting plan that conforms to all sections of this chapter.
(B)Resumption Of Use After Abandonment: If a property or use with nonconforming lighting is
abandoned as defined in section 10-15-2 of this chapter, then all outdoor lighting shall be
reviewed and brought into compliance with this chapter before the use is resumed. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
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10-15-4: SHIELDING AND TOTAL OUTDOOR LIGHT OUTPUT STANDARDS:
(A)Shielding Standards: All outdoor lighting fixtures having initial output greater than or equal to
two thousand (2,000) lumens shall be fully shielded in all lighting zones. All outdoor lighting
fixtures having an initial output less than two thousand (2,000) lumens need not be fully
shielded, but shall not be aimed more than forty five degrees (45°) from the surface upon
which the fixture is mounted when the source is visible from any off site residential property
or public roadway. All outdoor lighting shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (D) of
this section not withstanding lumen limits otherwise applicable in this chapter.
(B)Total Outdoor Light Output Standards: Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the
following light output standards shall apply:
1. In the E-3 lighting zone, total outdoor light output shall not exceed two hundred thousand
(200,000) initial lumens per acre when all outdoor lighting fixtures are fully shielded and/or
twenty thousand (20,000) initial lumens per acre when nonfully shielded lighting fixtures are
used.
2. In the E-2 lighting zone, total outdoor light output shall not exceed one hundred thousand
(100,000) initial lumens per acre when all outdoor lighting fixtures are fully shielded and/or
twenty thousand (20,000) lumens per acre when nonfully shielded lighting fixtures are used.
3. In E-1 and E-2 lighting zones, where there are less than four (4) dwelling units per lot or
parcel, total light output shall not exceed ten thousand (10,000) lumens per acre for all
types of light fixtures, nor exceed six thousand (6,000) lumens per acre of nonfully shielded
light fixtures.
4. Each lot or parcel in the E-1 and E-2 lighting zones shall be allowed a minimum of six
thousand (6,000) lumens per lot or parcel, regardless of area.
(C)Acceptable Lamp Types: Metal halide, high pressure sodium, fluorescent, induction
incandescent, halogen, and low pressure sodium (allowed when combined with 25 percent
white light source to provide proper color rendition). Other bulb types may be substituted
with the approval of the community development director.
(D)Foot-Candle Limitations: No more than 0.1 foot-candle of light should be allowed, measured
at a point ten feet (10') beyond any property line, as a direct result of on site lighting
regardless of what type or types of outdoor lighting fixtures are used. When like commercial
or industrial uses abut each other the community development director may waive this
requirement if the following criteria are met:
1. The amount of light trespassing the property line is the minimum amount, or less,
required to achieve the Illumination Engineers Society of North America recommendation
for the proposed task/use.
2. There are no residential uses abutting the subject site and/or the light trespass will not
reach the residential use.
(E)Lumens Per Development Acre: "Lumens per development acre" are calculated as follows:
Total of the initial lamp lumens for all lamps used, excluding those used for internal sign
illumination, those used in display lots, signs, and those under service station canopies,
divided by the acreage of the development.
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(F)Effective Shielding Standard: All light fixtures that are required to be shielded shall be
installed and maintained in such a manner that the, shielding is effective as described in the
definition in section 10-15-2 of this chapter for fully shielded fixtures.
(G)Light Trespass Standard: Beyond the shielding requirements of this section, all light fixtures
shall be located, aimed or shielded so as to minimize stray light trespassing across property
boundaries. Any lamp installed on a residential property and visible from any other
residential property must be shielded such that light trespass on the other residential
property does not exceed the limits of subsection (D) of this section.
(H)Multiuse Lighting Standard: Multiuse lighting must conform to the shielding and timing
restrictions, if any, that apply to the most restrictive use being proposed. (Ord. 1, Series of
2003)
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10-15-5: OUTDOOR ADVERTISING SIGNS: http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/13015000000005000.htrr10-15-5: OUTDOOR ADVERTISING SIGNS:
(A)Externally Illuminated Sign Standards: External illumination for signs shall conform to all
provisions of this chapter. In particular, such lighting shall comply with the lamp source,
shielding restrictions and lumen caps of section 10-15-4 of this chapter. All upward directed
sign lighting using lamps with initial lumens output of two thousand (2,000) or more are
prohibited.
(B)Internally Illuminated Sign Standards: Internally illuminated panels or decorations not
considered to be signage according to title 4, chapter 3 of this code (such as illuminated
canopy margins, light bands or building faces) shall be subject to the standards applicable
for such lighting, including, but not limited to, the lamp source, shielding standards and
lumens per acre caps of section 10-15-4 of this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
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10-15-6: SPECIAL USES:
10-15-6: SPECIAL USES:
Outdoor Display Lots:
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(A) Shielding: All display lot lighting shall utilize fully shielded luminaires that are installed in
a fashion that maintains the fully shielded characteristics.
(B) Off Site Spill: The display lot shall limit off site spill (off the parcel containing the display
lot) to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen feet (15') past the property line on any
nonresidential property, and 0.1 foot-candle five feet (6) past the property line at any
location adjacent to residential property, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
(C) Certification: Every display lot lighting system design and installation shall be certified
by an illumination engineer as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this chapter.
(D) Foot-Candle Maximum: A maximum of thirty five (35) foot-candles in the display lot is
permitted. A five (5) foot-candle increase in the maximum allowance is allowable for
unforeseen design constraints. The applicant will be required to provide justification, to the
community development director, from an illumination engineer stating why the thirty five
(35) foot-candle maximum cannot be met.
(E) Development Of Acreage: Each display lot shall be limited to a maximum of thirty
percent (30%) of the development acreage.
Recreational Facilities:
(A) Lighting for outdoor athletic fields, courts or tracks in all lighting zones, shall be exempt
from the lumens per acre limits and shielding requirements of section 10-15-4 of this
chapter.
Service Station Canopies:
(A) Shielding: All luminaires mounted on or recessed into the lower surface of service
station canopies shall be fully shielded and utilize flat lenses. The edge of the canopy is not
considered to be a shielding source.
(B) Total Under Canopy Output: The total light output used for illuminating service station
canopies, defined as the sum of all under canopy initial bare lamp outputs in lumens, shall
not exceed sixty (60) lumens per square foot of canopy in lighting zone E-3. All lighting
mounted under the canopy, including, but not limited to, luminaires mounted on the lower
surface or recessed into the lower surface of the canopy and any lighting within signage or
illuminated panels over the pumps, is to be included toward the total at full initial lumen
output.
(C) Area: The area of any service station canopy shall be included in the net acreage when
determining total lumens per acre.
(D) Certification: Every service station canopy lighting system design and installation shall
be certified by an illumination engineer as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this
chapter.
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Other Lighting On Parcels With Special Uses: All lighting not directly associated with the
special use areas above shall conform to the lighting standards described in this chapter,
including, but not limited to, the lamp type and shielding requirements of section 10-15-4 of this
chapter and the lumens per acre limits of section 10-15-4 of this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of
2003)
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10-15-7: SUBMISSION OF PLANS AND EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH
CODE:
(A)Submission Contents: The applicant for any permit/development plan required by any
provision of this code in connection with any additions, parking lot changes, change of use,
or proposed work involving outdoor lighting fixtures shall submit (as part of the application
for permit/development plan) evidence that the proposed work will comply with this chapter.
Such evidence shall include, but not be limited to:
1. Plans indicating the location on the premises of all lighting fixtures, both proposed and
any already existing on the site;
2. Description of all lighting fixtures, both proposed and existing. The description may
include, but is not limited to, catalog cuts and illustrations by manufacturers (including
sections where required); lamp types, wattages and initial lumen outputs;
3. Photometric data, such as that furnished by manufacturers, or similar showing the angle
of cut off of light emissions.
4. Photometric plan showing foot-candle readings across the property extending ten feet
(10') past all property lines. All photometric plans submitted for display lots shall show
foot-candle readings fifteen feet (15') beyond all property lines.
(B)Additional Submission: The above required plans, descriptions and data shall be sufficiently
complete to enable the community development director to readily determine whether
compliance with the requirements of this chapter will be secured. If such plans, descriptions
and data do not enable this ready determination or the community development director
requests additional information, the applicant shall additionally submit evidence of
compliance to enable such determination. Certified reports of tests will do so provided that
these tests shall have been performed and certified by a recognized testing laboratory.
(C)Lamp Or Fixture Substitution: Should any outdoor light fixture or the type of light source
therein is to be changed after the permit has been issued, a change request must be
submitted to the community development director for approval, together with adequate
information to assure compliance with this chapter, which must be received before
substitution.
(D)Plan Approval: If the community development director determines that the proposed lighting
does not comply with this chapter, the permit shall not be issued or the plan approved.
(E)Certification Of Installation: For all projects where the total initial output of the proposed
lighting equals or exceeds one hundred thousand (100,000) lamp lumens, certification that
the lighting, as installed, conforms to the approved plans shall be provided by an
illumination engineer before the certificate of occupancy is issued. Until this certification is
submitted, approval for use of a certificate of occupancy shall not be issued for the project.
(Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
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10-15-8: APPROVED MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OR
INSTALLATION/OPERATION:
(A)The provisions of this chapter are not intended to prevent the use of any design, material, or
method of installation or operation not specifically prescribed by this chapter, provided any
such alternative has been approved by the community development director. The
community development director may approve an alternative provided that it:
1. Provides equivalence to the applicable requirements of this chapter, or
2. Is otherwise satisfactory and complies with the intent of this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of
2003)
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10-15-9: PROHIBITIONS:
10-15-9: PROHIBITIONS:
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(A)Laser Source Light: The use of laser source light or any similar high intensity light for
outdoor advertising or entertainment, when projected above the horizontal, is prohibited.
(B) Searchlights: The operation of searchlights for advertising purposes is prohibited. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
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10-15-10: TEMPORARY EXEMPTIONS:
i
(A)Exemption Request: Any person may submit, on a form prepared by the city of Littleton, to
the community development director, a temporary exemption request. The request shall
contain the following information:
1. Specific exemption(s) requested;
2. Duration of requested exemption(s);
3. Proposed location on premises of the proposed light fixture(s);
4. Purpose of proposed lighting;
5. Information for each luminaire and lamp combination as required in section 10-15-4 of
this chapter;
6. Previous temporary exemptions, if any, and addresses of premises thereunder;
7. Such other data and information as may be required by the designated official.
(B)Approval; Duration: The community development director shall have five (5) business days
from the date of a complete submission of the request for temporary exemption to act, in
writing, on the request. If approved, the exemption shall be valid for not more than thirty
(30) days from the date of issuance of the approval. The approval shall be renewable upon
further written request, at the discretion of the community development director, for a
maximum of one additional thirty (30) day period. The designated official is not authorized
to grant more than one temporary permit and one renewal for a thirty (30) day period for the
same property within one calendar year.
(C)Disapproval; Appeal: If the request for temporary exemption or its extension is disapproved,
the person making the request will have the appeal rights provided in section 10-15-12 of
this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
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10-15-11: OTHER EXEMPTIONS:
10-15-11: OTHER EXEMPTIONS:
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(A)Seasonal Lighting: Seasonal lighting and decorations using typical low wattage
incandescent lamps.
(B)School Districts: Compliance with this code is encouraged.
(C)Emergency Lighting: Emergency lighting, used by police, firefighting, or medical personnel,
or at their direction, is exempt from all requirements of this code for as long as the
emergency exists.
(D)Swimming Pool And Fountain Lighting: Underwater lighting used for the illumination of
swimming pools and fountains is exempt from the lamp type and shielding standards of
section 10-15-4 of this chapter, though it must conform to all other provisions of this
chapter.
(E)Street And Sidewalk Lighting: Street lighting and walkway lighting owned and operated by
the city of Littleton are exempt from these regulations.
(F)The use of nonshielded decorative "Sternberg" type lights are exempt from these
regulations with respect to shielding requirements. When used on any specific site the total
lumens output will be calculated in the overall maximum allowance.
A maximum lumens output of each nonshielded decorative light pole or bollard can not
exceed six thousand (6,000) lumens and are included in each property's maximum
allowable lumens per acre. In addition, all clear glass reflectors/refractors are not permitted.
Pedestrianways, drive aisles, parking lots should all be lighted by fully shielded fixtures and
not decorative poles. The development review committee shall make the final judgment on
all design issues related to the installation of decorative light poles on commercial property.
(G)Flagpole and monument lighting are exempt from these lighting requirements. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
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10-15-12: APPEALS:
10-15-12: APPEALS:
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Any person substantially aggrieved by any decision of the community development director
made in administration of the chapter has to appeal to the board of adjustment. The following
criteria must be met in order for the board of adjustment to grant relief from this chapter:
(A)The proposed variance request is based upon a specific hardship that is unique to the site
and is directly ttri utable to existing topographical conditions that do not allow the
applicant to meet all sections of this chapter.
(B)The proposed va a 'request shall at no time allow proposed light levels to exceed the
maximum lumen limits of this chapter.
(C)The proposed rianCe request may not be based upon existing lumen levels on adjacent
properties loc~d outside the city of Littleton.
(D)The proposed V4%~,ce requests must meet the overall intent of this chapter to eliminate
glare, light pollution and light trespass. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
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10-15-13: AMORTIZATION PERIOD:
10-15-13: AMORTIZATION PERIOD:
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All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on the effective date hereof
which do not meet the requirements of this chapter are deemed to be nonconforming outdoor
lighting fixtures. Any nonconforming outdoor lighting fixture, or site within the E-1 or E-2 lighting
zone shall conform to the provisions of this chapter within five (5) years of the effective date
hereof. Any nonconforming outdoor lighting fixture, or site within the E-3 lighting zone shall
conform to the provisions of this chapter within five (5) years of the effective date hereof. (Ord.
1, Series of 2003)
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10-15-14: PENALTIES:
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It shall be unlawful for any person, partnership, firm or corporation to violate any provision of
this chapter, or as same may be amended from time to time. Any violations shall be punishable
as set forth in section 1-4-1 of this code. In addition to any other penalties, any violation of this
chapter is also a public nuisance, which a court of competent jurisdiction shall enjoin. The city
attorney may also obtain legal or equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction. (Ord.
1, Series of 2003)
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community. Issues and priorities will be to some extent different for every community, and the Pattern
must be adapted to reflect your own community's concerns and desires. See Flow to Use the Handbook
and USA Pattern Lighting Code.
Contents
• Section 1: Purpose and Intent
• Section 2; Conformance with Applicable Codes
• Section 3_:_Applicability
0 3.1 New Uses, Buildings and Major Additions or Modifications
0 3.2 Minor Additions
0 3.3 Resumption of Use After Abandonment
0 3.4 Public Roadways
• Section 4: Shielding and Total, Outdoor _Light Output Standards
0 4.1 Shielding Standards
0 4.2 Total Outdoor Light Output Standards
0 4.3 Effective Shielding Standard
0 4.4 Light Trespass Standard
0 4.5 Multi-Class Lighting Standard
• Section 5: Outdoor Advertising Signs
0 5.1 Externally Illuminated Sign Standards
0 5.2 Internally Illuminated Sign and Neon Sign Standards
0 5.3 Curfews
• Section 6; Special Uses
0 6.1 Recreational Facilities
0 6.2 Outdoor Display Lots
0 6.3 Service Station Canopies
0 6.4 Other Lighting on Parcels with Special Uses
• Section 7;_ Submission of Plans and Evidence of Compliance with Code, Subdivision Plats
0 7.1 Submission Contents
0 7.2 Additional Submission
0 7.3 Subdivision Plats
0 7.4 Lamp or Fixture Substitution
0 7.5 Plan Approval
0 7.6 Certification of Installation
• Section 8: Approved Materials and Methods of Construction or Installation/Operation
o 8.1 Approval of Alternatives
• Section 9: Prohibitions
0 9.1 Sale of Non-Conforming Fixtures and Lamps
0 9.2 Laser Source Light
0 9.3 Searchlights
0 9.4 Outdoor Advertising Off-Site Signs
• Section 10: Temporary Exemption
0 10.1 Request; Renewal; Information Required
0 10.2 Approval; Duration
0 10.3 Disapproval; Appeal
• Section 11: Other Exemptions
0 11.1 Nonconformance
0 11.2 State and Federal Facilities
ri Ty
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0 11.3 Emergency Lighting
0 11.4 Swimming Pool and Fountain Lighting
• Section 12: Appeals
• Section 13: Law Governing Conflicts
• Section 14: Violation and Penalty
• Section 15: Severability
• Section 16: Definitions
. .
Page 32 of 77
Section 1. Purpose and Intent.
It is the intent of this Code to define practical and effective measures by which the obtrusive aspects of
excessive and/or careless outdoor light usage can be minimized, while preserving safety, security, and
the nighttime use and enjoyment of property. These measures will curtail the degradation of the
nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that direct appropriate amounts of light
where and when it is needed, increasing the use of energy-efficient sources, and decreasing the wastage
of light and glare resulting from overlighting and poorly shielded or inappropriately directed lighting
fixtures.
Section 2. Conformance with Applicable Codes..
All outdoor illuminating devices shall be installed in conformance with the provisions of this Code, the
Building Code, the Electrical Code, and the Sign Code of the jurisdiction as applicable and under
appropriate permit and inspection.
Section 3. Applicab
3.1 New Uses, Buildings and Major Additions or Modifications. For all proposed new land uses,
developments, buildings, and structures that require a permit, all outdoor lighting fixtures shall meet the
requirements of this Code. All building additions or modifications of twenty-five (25) percent or more in
terms of additional dwelling units, gross floor area, or parking spaces, either with a single addition or
with cumulative additions subsequent to the effective date of this provision, shall invoke the
requirements of this Code for the entire property, including previously installed and any new outdoor
lighting. Cumulative modification or replacement of outdoor lighting constituting twenty-five (25)
percent or more of the permitted lumens for the parcel, no matter the actual amount of lighting already
on a non-conforming site, shall constitute a major addition for purposes of this section.
3.2 Minor Additions. Additions or modifications of less than twenty-five (25) percent to existing uses,
as defined in Section 3.1 above, and that require a permit, shall require the submission of a complete
inventory and site plan detailing all existing and any proposed new outdoor lighting. Any new lighting
on the site shall meet the requirements of this Code with regard to shielding and lamp type; the total
outdoor light output after the modifications are complete shall not exceed that on the site before the
modification, or that permitted by this Code, whichever is larger.
3.3 Resumption of Use after Abandonment. If a property or use with non-conforming lighting is
abandoned as defined in Section 16.4 1, then all outdoor lighting shall be reviewed and brought into
compliance with this Code before the use is resumed.
3.4 Public Roadways. Lighting for public roadways is exempt from the provisions of this Code.
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Note 9.01: Roadway lighting standards
Section 4. Shielding and Total Outdoor Light Output Standards.
4.1 Shielding Standards. All nonexempt outdoor lighting fixtures shall have shielding as shown in Table
4.1.
Use Codes:
A = all types of fixtures allowed; shielding not required but highly recommended, except that any
spot or flood-light must be aimed no higher than 45 degrees above straight down
F = only fully shielded fixtures allowed
X = not allowed
Table 4.1 LAMP TYPE AND SHIELDING STANDARDS
I LIGHTING ZONE II
11 USE CLASS AND LAMP TYPE 11 E4 11 E3 11 E2 11 El 11 EIA II
Class 1 lighting (Color Rendition):
Initial output greater than or equal to 2000 lumens
FI
FF
FFI
F F I
FF
Initial output below 2000 lumens (2)
A(1)
A(1)
A(1)
FF
Class 2 lighting (General Illumination):
Initial output greater than or equal to 2000 lumens ~F F ~F FF
Initial output below 2000 lumens (2) A(1) A(1) A(1) FF ]aF
Class 3 lighting (Decorative)(3):
Initial output greater than or equal to 20001umens FIFF x x x
Initial output below 2000 lumens (2) A(1) A(1) ~F ~F ~F
Residential lighting (all Classes)(4):
Initial output greater than or equal to 20001umens IFF FF I FF IF 7F
Initial output below 2000 lumens (2) A(1) A(1) A(5) A(5)
Notes to Table 4.1
1. Flood or spot lamps must be aimed no higher than 45 degrees above straight down (half-way
between straight down and straight to the side) when the source is visible from any off-site
residential property or public roadway.
2. Exception: seasonal decorations using typical unshielded low-wattage incandescent lamps shall be
permitted in all lighting zones from Thanksgiving thru 15 January.
3. All Class 3 lighting shall be extinguished between 11:00pm (or when the business closes,
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whichever is later) and sunrise.
4. Residential refers to all residential land-use zoning, including all densities and types of housing
such as single-family detached and duplexes. Multiple-family residential uses must use standards
above for Class 1, 2 and 3 lighting.
5. Any lamp installed on a residential property must be shielded such that the lamp itself is not
directly visible from any other residential property.
Note 9.02: Origin of 45 degree limilatzon_ for spotlights and floodlights
Note 9.03: Discussion of 2000 Ina shielding split
Note 9.04: Examples o lamps with 2000 lm and less
Note 9.05: Alternative section 4.1 with LPS requirement
Note 9.06: Shielded porChlights
4.2. Total Outdoor Light Output Standards. Total outdoor light output (see definition 16.30) shall not
exceed the limits in Table 4.2. Seasonal decorations, permitted between Thanksgiving and 15 January,
are not counted toward these limits; lighting used for external illumination of signs is counted, while
lighting used for internal illumination of signs is not counted. (The values in this table are upper limits
and not design goals; design goals should be the lowest levels that meet the requirements of the task.)
LUMEN CAPS - INITIAL LAMP LUMENS PER NET ACRE
Table 4.2 MAXIMUM TOTAL OUTDOOR LIGHT OUTPUT STANDARDS
I LIGHTING ZONE II
E4 II E3 II E2 II El II ElA
Commercial and Industrial zoning (1)
total (fully shielded + unshielded)
200000
100000
50000
25000
12500
unshielded only
10000
1
0000
F
4000
F
2000
1000
Residential zoning (2,3)
11 total (fully shielded + unshielded) 11 2000011 1000011 100001110000 11 500011
II unshielded only II 500011 500011 100011 1000 11 011
Notes to Table 4.2
1. This refers to all land-use zoning classifications for multiple family, commercial and industrial
uses.
2. This refers to all residential land-use zoning classifications, including all densities and types of
housing such as single-family detached and duplexes.
3. In Lighting Zones E4-El, each residential single-family detached home or duplex is allowed up to
5,500 total lumens (2,300 lumens in Zone El A), or the amount indicated in this Table based on
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the parcel's acreage, whichever is larger. Each is also allowed a maximum of 5,500 lumens (zero
lumens in Lighting Zone EIA) of unshielded ("A") lighting, provided Table 4.1 allows the lamp's
type with "A" shielding. All residential spot or flood lamps permitted are to be aimed no higher
than 45 degrees above straight down (half-way between straight down and straight to the side).
Note 9.02 Origin of 45 degree limitation for spotlights and floodlight
Note 9.07: Discussion of lumens er net acre caps
Note 9,084 Origin pf5 lumen unshielded cap
Note 9.09: Alternative section 4.2 with LPS requirement
4.3 Effective Shielding Standard. All light fixtures that are required to be shielded shall be installed and
maintained in such a manner that the shielding is effective as described in the definition in Section 16.13
for fully shielded fixtures.
4.4 Light Trespass Standard. Beyond the shielding requirements of Section 4. 1, all light fixtures shall be
located, aimed or shielded so as to minimize stray light trespassing across property boundaries.
Particularly, any lamp installed on a residential property and visible from any other residential property
must be shielded such that it is not directly visible from that property.
4.5 Multi-Class Lighting Standard. Multi-Class lighting must conform to the shielding and timing
restrictions, if any, that apply to the most restrictive included Class.
Appendix B Example applications ofSection_4
Section 5. Outdoor Advertising Signs.
5.1 Externally Illuminated Sign Standards. External illumination for signs shall conform to all
provisions of this Code. In particular, such lighting shall be treated as Class 1 lighting and shall conform
to the lamp source, shielding restrictions and lumen caps of Section 4. All upward-directed sign lighting
is prohibited.
Note 9.10: Discussion of internally illuminated sign colors
Note 9.11: Off-site sign illumination
5.2 Internally Illuminated Sign and Neon Sign Standards.
A. Outdoor internally-illuminated advertising signs must either be constructed with an opaque
background and translucent text and symbols, or with a colored (not white, off-white, light gray,
cream or yellow) background and generally LIGHTER text and symbols. Lamps used for internal
illumination of such signs shall not be counted toward the lumen caps in Section 4.2.
B. Neon signs shall be treated as internally illuminated signs for the purposes of this Code, and
shall not have their luminous outputs counted toward the lumen caps in Section 4.2. Neon lighting
extending beyond the area considered to be the sign area (as defined in the Sign Code of this
jurisdiction) shall conform to all provisions of this Code. In particular, such lighting shall be
treated as Class 3 (decorative) lighting and shall conform to the lumen caps of Section 4.
C. Other internally-illuminated panels or decorations not considered to be signage according to the
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sign code of this jurisdiction (such as illuminated canopy margins or building faces), shall be
considered decorative (Class 3) lighting, and shall be subject to the standards applicable for such
lighting, including but not limited to the lamp source, shielding standards and lumens per acre
caps of Section 4.
Note 9.12: Sign styles with smaller light pollution impacts
5.3 Curfews. Illumination for all advertising signs, both externally and internally illuminated, shall be
turned off at the curfew times listed in Table 5.3 or when the business closes, whichever is later. Signs
subject to curfews are required to have functioning and properly adjusted automatic shut-off timers.
Light background (white, off-white, light gray, cream or yellow) internally illuminated signs, installed
legally before enactment of this code [enter date], may continue to be used and illuminated but must
conform to the curfews as indicated.
Table 5.3 ILLUMINATED SIGN CURFEWS
LIGHTING ZONE
Sign Type and Land Use Zone(1)
E4 E3 E2 El E A
Commercial and Industrial zoning
Opaque Background
12am
12am
l lpm
l lpm
N/A
Colored Background
12am
12am
llpm
N/A
N/A
Light Background
lOpm
lOpm
9pm
N/A
N/A
All residential zoning
Opaque Background
l lpm
l lpm
1opm
9pm
N/A
Colored Background
l lpm
l lpm
10pm
9pm
N/A
Light Background
8pm
8pm
8pm
8pm
N
/A
F
Note to Table 5.3
1. Land Use Zoning refers to the predominant use of land within 300 meters (or 1000 feet) of the
parcel on which the sign is located.
2. NIA means that such signs are not permitted.
Section 6: Special Uses.
6.1 Recreational Facilities.
A. Lighting for outdoor athletic fields, courts or tracks in Lighting Zones El, E2, E3, and E4, shall
be considered Class 1 (Color Rendition), and shall be exempt from the lumens per acre limits of
Section 4.2. In Lighting Zone E I A athletic field lighting is not allowed.
B. Shielding: In Lighting Zones El, E2, E3 and E4, fully shielded lighting is required for fields
designed for Class III or IV levels of play (typically amateur or municipal league, elementary to
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high school, training, recreational or social levels; cf. IESNA Lighting Handbook and IESNA RP-
6 Sports and Recreational Area Lighting). Facilities designed for Class I and II levels of play
(typically college, semi-professional, professional or national levels) shall utilize luminaires with
minimal uplight consistent with the illumination constraints of the design. Where fully shielded
fixtures are not utilized, acceptable luminaires shall include those which:
1. Are provided with internal and/or external glare control louvers and installed so as to
minimize uplight and offsite light trespass, and;
2. Are installed and maintained with aiming angles that permit no greater than five percent
(5%) of the light emitted by each fixture to project above the horizontal.
C. Illuminance: All lighting installations shall be designed to achieve no greater than the minimal
illuminance levels for the activity as recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America (IESNA).
D. Off-site spill: The installation shall also limit off-site spill (off the parcel containing the sports
facility) to the maximum extent possible consistent with the illumination constraints of the design.
For Class III and IV levels, a design goal of 5 lux (0.5 fc) at any location on any non-residential
property, and 1 lux (0.1 fc) at any location on any residential property, as measurable from any
orientation of the measuring device, shall be sought. For Class I and II levels, a design goal of 7.5
lux (0.75 fc) at any location on any non-residential property, and 1.5 lux (0.15 fc) at any location
on any residential property, as measurable from any orientation of the measuring device, shall be
sought.
E. Certification: Every such lighting system design and installation shall be certified by a
registered engineer as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this Code.
F. Curfew: All events shall be scheduled so as to complete all activity before the curfew listed in
Table 6.1. Illumination of the playing field, court or track shall be permitted after the curfew only
to conclude a scheduled event that was unable to conclude before the curfew due to unusual
circumstances. Athletic field lighting in excess of lumens per acre limits of Section 4.1 is not
permitted in Lighting Zone E1A.
Table 6.1 SPORTS FACILITY
AND DISPLAY LOT LIGHTING
CURFEWS
LIGHTING ZONE
E4 E3 E2 E1 EIA
12am llpm llpm lOpm N/A
6.2 Outdoor Display Lots.
A. Lighting for display lots shall be considered Class 1 (Color Rendition), and shall be exempt
from the lumens per acre limits of Section 4.2.
B. Shielding: All display lot lighting shall utilize fully shielded luminaires that are installed in a
fashion that maintains the fully shielded characteristics.
C. Illuminance: The display lot shall be designed to achieve no greater than the minimal
illuminance levels for the activity as recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America (IESNA).
D. Off-site spill: The display lot shall limit off-site spill (off the parcel containing the display lot)
to a maximum of 5 lux (0.5 fc) at any location on any non-residential property, and 0.5 lux (0.05
fc) at any location on any residential property, as measurable from any orientation of the
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measuring device.
E. Certification: Every display lot lighting system design and installation shall be certified by a
registered engineer as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this Code.
F. Curfew: Display lot lighting exceeding the lumens per acre cap of Section 4.2 shall be turned
off at the curfew listed in Section 6.1 or within thirty minutes after closing of the business,
whichever is later. Lighting in the display lot after this time shall be considered Class 2 lighting,
and shall conform to all restrictions of this Code applicable for this Class, including the lumens
per acre caps in Section 4.2.
Note 9.13: Lumen cap exemption,for_display lots.
6.3 Service Station Canopies.
A. Lighting for service station canopies shall be considered Class 2 lighting (General
Illumination).
B. Shielding: All luminaires mounted on or recessed into the lower surface of service station
canopies shall be fully shielded and utilize flat lenses.
C. Total Under-Canopy Output: The total light output used for illuminating service station
canopies, defined as the sum of all under-canopy initial bare-lamp outputs in lumens, shall not
exceed 430 lumens per square meter (forty lumens per square foot) of canopy in Lighting Zones
E3 and E4, and shall not exceed 215 lumens per square meter (twenty lumens per square foot) in
Lighting Zones El A, El and E2. All lighting mounted under the canopy, including but not limited
to luminaires mounted on the lower surface or recessed into the lower surface of the canopy and
any lighting within signage or illuminated panels over the pumps, is to be included toward the
total at full initial lumen output.
C. The lumen output of lamps mounted on or within the lower surface of a canopy is included
toward the lumen caps in Section 4.2 according to the method defined in Section 16.30. Other
lighting located under a canopy but not mounted on or within the lower surface is included toward
the lumen caps in Section 4.2 at full initial output.
Note. 9._1_=1 LPSlother Zamp_ly_pe mix for color rendition with LPS energ savin s
Note 9.15: Further. information on canopy, lighting
6.4 Other Lighting on Parcels with Special Uses. All lighting not directly associated with the special use
areas above shall conform to the lighting standards described in this Code, including but not limited to
the lamp type and shielding requirements of Section 4.1 and the lumens per acre limits of Section 4.2.
The net acreage for the determination of compliance with Section 4.2 shall not include the area of the
athletic field or outdoor display lot, as defined in Section 16.26; the area of any service station canopy
shall be included in the net acreage.
Section 7. Submission.o. f Plans. .and Evidence of Compliance with Code, Subdivision
Plats.
7.1 Submission Contents. The applicant for any permit required by any provision of the laws of this
jurisdiction in connection with proposed work involving outdoor lighting fixtures shall submit (as part
of the application for permit) evidence that the proposed work will comply with this Code. Even should
no other such permit be required, the installation or modification (except for routine servicing and same-
type lamp replacement) of any exterior lighting shall require submission of the information described
below. The submission shall contain but shall not necessarily be limited to the following, all or part of
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which may be part or in addition to the information required elsewhere in the laws of this jurisdiction
upon application for the required permit:
A. plans indicating the location on the premises of all lighting fixtures, both proposed and any
already existing on the site;
B. description of all lighting fixtures, both proposed and existing. The description may include,
but is not limited to, catalog cuts and illustrations by manufacturers (including sections where
required); lamp types, wattages and initial lumen outputs;
C. photometric data, such as that furnished by manufacturers, or similar showing the angle of cut
off of light emissions.
7.2 Additional Submission. The above required plans, descriptions and data shall be sufficiently
complete to enable the designated official to readily determine whether compliance with the
requirements of this Code will be secured. If such plans, descriptions and data cannot enable this ready
determination, the applicant shall additionally submit as evidence of compliance to enable such
determination such certified reports of tests as will do so provided that these tests shall have been
performed and certified by a recognized testing laboratory.
7.3 Subdivision Plats. If any subdivision proposes to have installed street or other common or public
area outdoor lighting, submission of the information as described in Section 7.1 shall be required for all
such lighting. .
7.4 Lamp or Fixture Substitution. Should any outdoor light fixture or the type of light source therein be
changed after the permit has been issued, a change request must be submitted to the designated official
for approval, together with adequate information to assure compliance with this Code, which must be
received prior to substitution.
7.5 Plan Approval. If the designated official determines that the proposed lighting does not comply with
this Code, the permit shall not be issued or the plan approved.
7.6 Certification of Installation. For all projects where the total initial output of the proposed lighting
equals or exceeds 100,000 lamp lumens, certification that the lighting, as installed, conforms to the
approved plans shall be provided by a certified engineer before the certificate of occupancy is issued.
Until this certification is submitted, approval for use of a Certificate of Occupancy shall not be issued
for the project.
Section 8. Approved Materials and Methods of Construction or_Installation/Operation.
8.1 Approval of Alternatives. The provisions of this Code are not intended to prevent the use of any
design, material, or method of installation or operation not specifically prescribed by this Code,
provided any such alternate has been approved by the designated official. The designated official may
approve any such proposed alternate providing he/she finds that it:
A. provides at least approximate equivalence to that applicable specific requirements of this Code
B. is otherwise satisfactory and complies with the intent of this Code.
Section 9. Prohibitions.
9.1 Sale of Non-Conforming Fixtures and Lamps. The installation, sale, offering for sale, lease or
purchase of any outdoor lighting fixture or lamp the use of which is not allowed by this Code is
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9.2 Laser Source Light. The use of laser source light or any similar high intensity light for outdoor
advertising or entertainment, when projected above the horizontal, is prohibited.
9.3 Searchlights. The operation of searchlights for advertising purposes is prohibited.
9.4 Outdoor Advertising Off-Site Signs. Illumination of outdoor advertising off-site signs is prohibited
in Lighting Zones E2, El and EIA.
Section 10. Temporary Exemption.
10.1 Request; Renewal; Information Required. Any person may submit, on a form prepared by the
jurisdiction, to the designated official, a temporary exemption request. The request shall contain the
following information:
A. specific Code exemption(s) requested;
C. duration of requested exemption(s);
E. proposed location on premises of the proposed light fixture(s);
B. purpose of proposed lighting;
D. information for each luminaire and lamp combination as required in section 7.1;
F. previous temporary exemptions, if any, and addresses of premises thereunder;
G. such other data and information as may be required by the designated official.
10.2 Approval; Duration. The designated official shall have five (5) business days from the date of
submission of the request for temporary exemption to act, in writing, on the request. If approved, the
exemption shall be valid for not more than thirty (30) days from the date of issuance of the approval.
The approval shall be renewable upon further written request, at the discretion of the designated official,
for a maximum of one (1) additional thirty (30) day period. The designated official is not authorized to
grant more than one (1) temporary permit and one (1) renewal for a thirty (30) day period for the same
property within one (1) calendar year.
10.3 Disapproval; Appeal. If the request for temporary exemption or its extension is disapproved, the
person making the request will have the appeal rights provided in Section 12.
Section 11. Other Exemptions.
11.1 Nonconformance
A. Bottom-mounted or unshielded outdoor advertising sign lighting shall not be used beginning
five years after enactment of this Code.
B. All other outdoor light fixtures lawfully installed prior to and operable on the effective date of
this Code are exempt from all requirements of this Code. There shall be no change in use or lamp
type, or any replacement (except for same-type and same-output lamp replacement) or structural
alteration made, without conforming to all applicable requirements of this Code. Further, if the
property is abandoned, or if there is a change in use of the property, the provisions of this Code
will apply when the abandonment ceases or the new use commences.
11.2 State and Federal Facilities. Compliance with the intent of this Code at all State and Federal
facilities is encouraged.
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11.3 Emergency Lighting. Emergency lighting; used by police, firefighting, or medical personnel, or at
their direction, is exempt from all requirements of this code for as long as the emergency exists.
11.4 Swimming Pool and Fountain Lighting. Underwater lighting used for the illumination of swimming
pools and fountains is exempt from the lamp type and shielding standards of Section 4. 1, though it must
conform to all other provisions of this code.
Section 12. Appeals.
Any person substantially aggrieved by any decision of the designated official made in administration of
the Code has the right and responsibilities of appeal to the Advisory/Appeals Board of this jurisdiction.
Section 13. Law Governing Conflicts..
Where any provision of federal, state, county, township or city statutes, codes, or laws conflicts with any
provision of this Code, the most restrictive shall govern unless otherwise regulated by law.
Section 14. Violation and Penalty..
It shall be a civil infraction for any person to violate any of the provisions of this Code. Each and every
day or night during which the violation continues shall constitute a separate offense. A fine shall be
imposed of not less than fifty dollars nor more than seven hundred dollars for any individual or not less
than 100 nor more than ten thousand dollars for any corporation, association, or other legal entity for
each offense. The imposition of a fine under this Code shall not be suspended.
Section 15. Severability.
If any of the provisions of this Code or the application thereof is held invalid, such invalidity shall not
affect other provisions or applications of this Code which can be given effect, and to this end, the
provisions of this Code are declared to be severable.
Section 16. Definitions.
As used in this Code, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words and phrases shall
mean the following:
16.1 Candela. Unit of luminous intensity; one lumen per steradian. [This definition is not used in the
USA Pattern Code.]
16.2 Class 1 Lighting. All outdoor lighting used for, but not limited to, outdoor sales or eating areas,
assembly or repair areas, advertising and other signs, recreational facilities and other similar applications
where COLOR RENDITION IS IMPORTANT to preserve the effectiveness of the activity. Designation
of lighting as Class 1 requires a finding by the Planning Director of the essential nature of color
rendition for the application. Recognized Class 1 uses are: outdoor eating and retail food or beverage
service areas; outdoor maintenance areas; display lots; assembly areas such as concert or theater
amphitheaters.
16.3 Class 2 Lighting. All outdoor lighting used for, but not limited to, illumination for walkways,
roadways, equipment yards, parking lots and outdoor security where GENERAL ILLUMINATION for
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16.4 Class 3 Lighting. Any outdoor lighting used for DECORATIVE effects including, but not limited
to, architectural illumination, flag and monument lighting, and illumination of trees, bushes, etc.
16.5 Development Project. Any residential, commercial, industrial or mixed use subdivision plan or
development plan which is submitted to the City for approval.
16.6 Direct Illumination. Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or luminaire, not
light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces such as the ground or building
faces.
16.7 Directly Visible. Allowing a direct line-of-sight to the light source or lamp.
16.8 Display Lot or Area. Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs AND where
accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify as a display lot, one of the
following specific uses must occur: automobile sales, boat sales, tractor sales, building supply sales,
gardening or nursery sales, assembly lots, swap meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display
lot uses by the Planning Director.
16.9 Flood Lamp. A specific form of lamp designed to direct its output in a specific direction (a beam)
with a reflector formed from the glass envelope of the lamp itself, and with a diffusing glass envelope:
Such lamps are so designated by the manufacturers and are typically used in residential outdoor area
lighting.
16.10 Flood Light. A form of lighting fixture designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in a
more-or-less specific direction, utilizing reflecting or reflacting elements located external to the lamp.
[This definition is not used in the USA Pattern Code.]
16.11 Footcandle. One lumen per square foot. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per unit area
in the Imperial system. One footcandle equals approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
16.12 Full Cutoff Light Fixture. A luminaire light distribution where no light is emitted above the
horizontal, and where the intensity at 80 degrees from nadir is no greater than 100 candela per 1000
lamp lumens. [This definition is not used in the USA Pattern Code.]
16.13 Fully Shielded Light Fixture. A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all light emitted
by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or indirectly by reflection or
refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected below the horizontal as determined by photometric
test or certified by the manufacturer. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding must
be permanently affixed.
Note 9.16: Shielding and cutoff terminology
Note 9.17 Hor , to recognize fully shielded fixtures
Note 9.18: Fully shielded lights and aiming of adjustable luminaires
16.14 Glare. The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is sufficiently
brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual
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performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude of glare depends on such factors as the size,
position, brightness of the source, and on the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted. [This
definition is not used in the USA Pattern Code.]
16.15 Illuminance. The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux per unit area) -
measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot (footcandles).
16.16 Installed. The attachment, or assembly fixed in place, whether or not connected to a power source,
of any outdoor light fixture.
16.17 Light pollution. Any adverse effect of manmade light. [This definition is not used in the USA
Pattern Code.]
16.18 Light Trespass. Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across property
boundaries.
16.19 Lighting Zones. The five lighting zones are defined on the Lighting Zone Map, by this reference
made a part of this Code. A parcel located in more than one of the Lighting Zones described under
Section 16.19.A-E shall be considered to be only in the more restrictive Lighting Zone. Guidelines used
to guide the delineation of the lighting zones are:
16.19.A Lighting Zone E4. Areas of high ambient lighting levels. This Zone generally includes
urban areas with primary land uses for commercial, business and industrial activity, including
highway commercial and downtown districts.
16.19.13 Lighting Zone E3. Areas of medium ambient lighting levels. This Zone generally
includes suburban residential areas, though neighborhood commercial or industrial parcels largely
surrounded by suburban residential uses will often be included.
16.19.C Lighting Zone E2. Areas of low ambient lighting levels. This Zone generally includes
rural residential and agricultural areas, but may also include small outlying neighborhood
commercial and industrial areas surrounded by rural residential areas.
16.19.1) Lighting Zone El. Areas with intrinsically dark landscapes. This Zone includes all areas
within fifty (50) kilometers (31 miles) of astronomical observatories and within ten (10)
kilometers (6 miles) of local or national park boundaries, as well as the parks themselves. In these
areas the preservation of a naturally-dark environment, both in the sky and in the visible
landscape, is considered of paramount concern. This Zone may also include rural areas, including
rural residential areas, that have identified preservation of natural darkness as a high priority or
other areas where the preservation of a naturally dark landscape is of utmost priority.
16.19.E Lighting Zone ElA. Areas within twenty (20) kilometers (12 miles) of astronomical
observatories. In these areas both the preservation of a naturally-dark sky and the emphasis on
low-pressure sodium lighting is considered of paramount concern.
Note 9.19: Defining lighting zones definitions fi om other codes
16.20 Lumen. Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by lamps.
16.21 Luminaire. The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors, lenses and
shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light fixture. For purposes of
determining total light output from a luminaire or light fixture (see Table 4. 1), lighting assemblies which
include multiple unshielded or partially shielded lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered
as a single unit.
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16.22 Luminous tube. A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon, argon, mercury or
other gasses), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeter), caused to emit light by the passage of an
electric current, and commonly bent into various forms for use as decoration or signs. A "neon" tube.
Does not include common fluorescent tubes.
16.23 Lux. One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per unit area in the
metric system. One lux equals approximately 0.1 (0.093) footcandles.
16.24 Multi-Class Lighting. Any outdoor lighting used for more than one purpose, such as security and
decoration, such that its use falls under the definition of two or more Classes as defined for Class 1, 2
and 3 Lighting.
16.25 Neon tube. See Luminous Tube.
16.26 Net Acreage. The remaining area after deleting all portions for proposed and existing streets
within a development parcel or subdivision. For parcels including those special uses listed in Section 6
that are exempted from the lumens per acre caps of Section 4.2 (recreational facilities and outdoor
display lots), the area devoted to the special use shall also be excluded from the net acreage.
Note 9.20. Sub parcel developments
16.27 Obtrusive Light. Same as Light Pollution. [This definition is not used in the USA Pattern Code.]
16.28 Opaque. Opaque means that a material does not transmit light from an internal illumination
source. Applied to sign backgrounds, means that the area surrounding any letters or symbols on the sign
either is not lighted from within, or allows no light from an internal source to shine though it.
16.29 Outdoor light fixture. An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or reflective surface,
luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or portable, used for illumination,
decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall include, but are not limited to lights used for:
A. parking lot lighting;
B. roadway lighting;
C. buildings and structures;
D. recreational areas;
E. landscape lighting;
F. billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
G. product display area lighting;
H. building or structure decoration;
1. building overhangs and open canopies.
16.30 Outdoor Light Output, Total. The initial total amount of light, measured in lumens, from all lamps
used in outdoor light fixtures. Includes all lights and luminous tubing used for Class 1, Class 2, Class 3
and multi-Class lighting, and lights used for external illumination of signs, but does not include lights
used to illuminate internally illuminated signs or luminous tubing used in neon signs. For lamp types
that vary in their output as they age (such as high pressure sodium, fluorescent and metal halide), the
initial lamp output, as defined by the manufacturer, is the value to be considered. For determining
compliance with Section 4.2 [Total Outdoor Light Output] of this Code, the light emitted from lamps in
outdoor light fixtures is to be included in the total output as follows:
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A. outdoor light fixtures installed on poles (such as parking lot luminaires) and light fixtures
installed on the sides of buildings or other structures, when not shielded from above by the
structure itself as defined in parts B, C and D below, are to be included in the total outdoor light
output by simply adding the initial lumen outputs of the lamps;
B. outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage decks),
overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least five (5) feet
but less than ten (10) feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are to be included in
the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-quarter (0.25) of the lamp's rated
initial lumen output;
C. outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage decks),
overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least ten (10) feet
but less than thirty (30) feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are to be included in
the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-tenth (0.10) of the lamp's rated
initial lumen output.
D. outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage decks),
overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located thirty (30) or more
feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are not to be included in the total outdoor
light output. Such lamps must however conform to the lamp source and shielding requirements of
Section 4.
Note 9.15--, Further information on nand ly ghting
16.31 Outdoor Recreation Facility. An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or privately
owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football fields, golf courses, tennis
courts, and swimming pools.
16.32 Person. any individual, tenant, lessee, owner, or any commercial entity including but not limited
to firm, business, partnership, joint venture, or corporation.
16.33 Searchlight. A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in a specific
tightly focussed direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the lamp, and with a swivelled or
gimballed mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such lights are used commonly to sweep
the sky for advertisement purposes.
16.34 Sign, Externally Illuminated. A sign illuminated by light sources from the outside
16.35 Sign, Internally Illuminated. A sign illuminated by light sources enclosed entirely within the sign
cabinet and not directly visible from outside the sign.
16.36 Sign, Neon. A sign including luminous gas-filled tubes formed into text, symbols or decorative
elements and directly visible from outside the sign cabinet.
16.37 Sky Glow. The brightening of the night sky that results from the scattering of artificial visible
radiation from the constituents of the atmosphere. [This definition is not used in the USA Pattern Code.]
16.38 Spot Lamp. A specific form of lamp designed to direct its output in a specific direction (a beam)
with a reflector formed from the glass envelope of the lamp itself, and with a clear or nearly clear glass
envelope: Such lamps are so designated by the manufacturers, and typically used in residential outdoor
area lighting.
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16.39 Spot Light. A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in a specific
tightly focussed direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the lamp. [This definition is not
used in the USA Pattern Code.]
16.40 Temporary Lighting. Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this Code and which
will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar year, with one thirty (30) day
extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses which by their nature are of limited duration; for
example holiday decorations, civic events, or construction projects.
16.41 Use, Abandonment of. The relinquishment of a property, or the cessation of a use or activity by
the owner or tenant for a period of six months, excluding temporary or short term interruptions for the
purpose of remodeling, maintaining, or otherwise improving or rearranging a facility. A use shall be
deemed abandoned when such use is suspended as evidenced by the cessation of activities or conditions
which constitute the principle use of the property.
8 Pattern Code Section Overviews
Section 1 Overview: Purpose and Intent
This section sets out the purpose of the lighting code, briefly sketching the problems that are to be
addressed. In some jurisdictions, this section has been used as an introduction to the general issues of
light pollution. If there are explanations desired for the specific approaches or details within the code,
they may be worked in to this section. Other codes keep such explanatory text to a minimum. A clear
explanation of the purpose and intent can serve as a guide when unusual or unanticipated situations arise
that may not be explicitly addressed in the code.
Go to Section 1
Section 2 Overview: Conformance with Applicable Codes.
A standard section stating that the lighting code shall be applied in conjunction with other relevant codes
within the jurisdiction.
Go to Section 2
Section 3 Overview: Applicability
This is an important section, defining what lighting the code will apply to. Issues of ownership (private,
public, commercial, governmental), output, use, and grandfathering can all affect whether and how the
lighting is addressed by the lighting code. All codes will apply to lighting installed after the effective
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Xcel Energy - High Intensity Discharge Lamps
& Security FAQs Contacts Us Useful Links
t Xcer EC?ergy-
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Online Energy Assessment High-Intensity Discharge Lamps
Building Shell High-intensity discharge (HID) lighting can offer better efficiency and longer life than
Distributed Generation fluorescent lighting, with color quality approaching that of incandescent lighting.
Originally intended for outdoor and industrial applications, the use of HID lamps has
HVAC spread to office and retail applications as their color-rendering characteristics have
Lignting improved and smaller sizes have become available.
Lamps
Exit Signs
Fluorescent Ballasts
Full Size Fluorescent
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HID Track Lights
High Bay
High Intensity Discharge
Lamps
Indirect Lighting
Lighting Controls
Occupancy Sensors
Personal Dimming
Controls
Power Reducers
Remote Source Lighting
Motors/ASDs
Office Equipment
Power Quality
Refrigeration
Water Heating
Call Before You Dig
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FAQs
Mercury vapor lamps, metal halide lamps, and high-pressure sodium lamps all fall in the
HID category. Major applications have included high-bay lighting for industrial
environments, outdoor floodlighting, and roadway lighting, but they are now also being
used in track lighting for offices and retail environments.
HID lamps are available in sizes ranging from 35 to 2,000 watts. Figure 1 shows that
HID light sources boast the highest efficacies now available. (Efficacy is a measure of
the performance of a lamp, calculated as light output divided by power input and
expressed in lumens per watt.) Within the HID category, the highest-wattage lamps offe
the highest efficacies.
Figure 1: HID efficacy
HID lamps span a wide range of efficacies, offering the highestvalues
now on the market.
Standard incandescent
Tungsten halogen
Halogen infrared reflecting
Mercury vapor
White sodium
Compact fl uerescent 55-26 W
Com pact fluorescent 27-46 W
Fluorescent (full size and U-tube)
Metal halide
High-pressure sodium
Loan-pressure sodium
Efficacy, including ballasts (lumens perwatt)
Swmar E sorsrs
What Are the Options?
Mercury vapor.
Figure 2. Mercury vapor lamp
Mercury vapor lamps often use a
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l 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Xcel Energy - High Intensity Discharge Lamps
Page 2 of 7
Mercury vapor lamps (Figure 2), which
are available in sizes ranging from 50 to 1,000 watts, offer low initial cost, long life, and
color stability. However, they are approaching obsolescence, now that other HID light
sources with better efficacy, more accurate color rendering, and improved lumen
maintenance are becoming available at lower cost, especially in larger lamp sizes. In
smaller sizes, mercury vapor lamps can be replaced with screw-in compact fluorescent
lamps that do the same job at less than half the wattage, while providing better color.
Metal halide. Adding certain iodides of metals to the basic mercury vapor lamp
produces the metal halide lamp (Figure 3), which offers very high efficacy and high-
quality light. Those characteristics make metal halide lamps a very effective tool for
energy efficient lighting, but there are some drawbacks:
Start-up typically takes 3 to 5 minutes, and restarting after a shutdown or power
interruption takes 10 to 20 minutes. Lamps over 400 watts are available with
instant restrike capability, but they require special ballasts.
Metal halide units produce high levels of UV radiation that must be shielded by
glass in the lamp or fixture.
The smallest metal halide sources produce 2,500 lumens from a small 32-watt
package--nearly as much light as a 4-foot fluorescent. This high intensity limits
the range of application for metal halide lamps and requires the use of
sophisticated fixtures.
Some of these problems have been
overcome by new metal halide systems
using what is known as pulse-start
technology. In these systems, a brief,
high-power pulse is used to ignite the
lamps. Although pulse-start lamps can
only be started with pulse-start ballasts, it
is possible to use standard lamps with
pulse-start ballasts. Pulse-start lamps are
available in 50- to 450-watt models.
The benefits offered by the pulse-start
systems include superior efficacy; more
rapid, reliable starting, even in cold
weather; less electrode damage with each
start (which extends lamp life); better
lumen maintenance; and faster restrike
times (5 to 7 minutes, compared to 10 to
20 minutes for standard metal halide systems).
High-pressure sodium.
Sodium lamps (Figure 4) vary
more widely than other HID
lamps in their efficacy and
color quality. For example, the
light from some sodium
sources is predominantly
emitted in the longer
wavelengths, between yellow
and red. Light emitted in these
wavelengths is less effective
than light emitted at lower
wavelengths because the
human eye is less sensitive to
photons in that region of the
spectrum.
Figure 3 Meta[ halide lamp
Metal halide lamps offer high
efficacies and good color
rendering.
Smme: E suns
Figure 4: High-pressure sodium lamp
High-pressure sodiumlHPSI lamps can
be operated in any orientation and do not
require an enclosure, except when there
is a need to prevent moisture from
accumulating on the lamp.
On the positive side, sodium Spume E somms
lamps use no phosphors. Also,
their low mercury content creates very little ultraviolet output, although some high-
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Xcel Energy - High Intensity Discharge Lamps
Page 3 of 7
pressure sodium (HIPS) lamps are coated to reduce glare and to widen light distribution
Color rendering index (CRI) is a scale for describing the effect of a light source on the
color appearance of objects being illuminated. A value of 100 is the maximum possible
CRI. HPS lamps are available in three basic grades: Low grade lamps with a CRI of
about 21, which are typically used in outdoor lighting; general purpose indoor lamps witl
CRI of about 60; and "white" lamps with a CRI of 80 or more.
The units with higher CRIs have lower efficacies (Figure 5). The "white" HPS lamps
have an efficacy lower than that of compact metal halide lamps, but greater than
halogen units. Their warm, incandescent appearance and wide range of beam spreads
make them a good alternative for retail display lighting applications.
Ballasts. HID lamps are available with three types of magnetic ballasts or with
electronic ballasts. In order of increasing sophistication and cost, the magnetic ballast
choices are:
Reactor ballasts, which are small, cheap, and simple. They may cause lamps to
flicker or shut off if voltage varies, and they offer a lower power factor--typically
about 0.5. Power factor is a measure of the efficiency with which input power is
converted to useful work. The ideal power factor is 1.0, and many utilities require
power factors of at least 0.9 on products that they recommend.
High-reactance autotransformers, which are similar to reactor ballasts, but are
capable of providing a voltage boost when line voltage is insufficient to start a
lamp.
Constant wattage autotransformers, which are the most common type. They
regulate lamp power better than the other magnetic ballasts, eliminating flicker
and inadvertent shutoffs when line voltage varies.
Electronic ballasts are available for HID lamps rated up to 400 watts. They are more
expensive than magnetic ballasts, but they are smaller and lighter in weight. They also
provide more sophisticated control of lamp voltage and current, yielding better lumen
maintenance and color control throughout the lifetime of the lamp. However, unlike
electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps, they do not offer greatly improved energy
performance.
How to Make the Best Choice
Choose the right type of lamp for the application. Different HID lamps are
appropriate for different applications. Table 1 provides a visual guide to selecting the
right kind of HID lamp for your application.
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Choose the right lamp for the intended position. The output of some types of metal
halide lamps is sensitive to lamp position. Manufacturers classify their products into
three categories: BU/BD lamps are intended to be operated in the base up or base
down (vertical) position; HOR or H lamps are designed to operate in the horizontal
position, and UNI or U lamps are designed for universal operation and can be installed
in any position. However, note that UNI lamps operated in positions other than vertical
suffer from light output reductions of up to 20 percent, lower efficiency, and more lumen
depreciation.
Make sure the lamps and ballasts are compatible. The American National Standard:
Institute (ANSI) is a nonprofit organization that develops voluntary industry standards fo
various products. With some exceptions, HID lamps and ballasts should have matching
ANSI designations. Luminaire manufacturers normally label their fixtures with the ANSI
designation of the ballast so re-lamping personnel can be sure to install the correct
lamp.
Make sure that ballasts with igniter circuits also have circuitry that disconnects
the igniter when the lamp fails. In the absence of a disconnect circuit, the ballast may
not recognize that the lamp has failed and will continually try to restart the lamp,
destroying the igniter and possibly the ballast as well.
Avoid retrofits with low power factor and high THD ballasts. The use of low power
factor ballasts may increase current draw beyond circuit capacity, causing fuses to blow
or breakers to open. Total harmonic distortion (THD) is a measure of how much the
current waveform differs from a pure sinusoidal wave. Ballasts with a high THD could
lead to operational problems if used to upgrade multiple fixtures in one location (as in a
convention hall with many incandescent sockets).
Consider metal halide lights for outdoor use. High-pressure sodium systems are
primarily used for outdoor lighting for security, roadways, and parking lots. Often, low
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Use UL-approved fixtures. Metal halide lamps operate at very high pressures and ma'.
burst if subjected to abnormal thermal or electrical conditions. Underwriters Laboratory
(UL) requires that fixtures for metal halide lamps include a means of containment to
prevent injury from broken lamps. (Containment is not required if the manufacturer
specifies that a given lamp can be used in open fixtures.)
Xcel Energy - High Intensity Discharge Lamps
Page 5 of 7
CRI units are used in such applications, but the quality of their yellow light can be
unsatisfactory. Modern outdoor lighting systems are increasingly using metal halide
sources because of their superior light quality. In some applications, metal halide lights
applied intelligently may be able to replace HPS lighting with a reduction in installed
wattage.
Think about maintenance costs. HID lamps generally have long lifetimes (Figure 6),
but because they are commonly used in high-ceiling applications, maintenance costs
can significantly affect system economics. Labor costs can range from $5 to more than
$100 per lamp change, depending on the difficulty of replacement and the equipment
required. In high-ceiling applications, it may make sense to choose an open, lenseless
fixture, even though it would necessitate the use of a more expensive lamp. Lamps in
open fixtures can be easily replaced with a lamp clamping device on a pole, greatly
reducing change-out time compared to using a ladder. There are also fixtures available
with an internal winch that lowers the entire unit for easy maintenance.
Figure 6: Lifetimes of HID lamps
HID lamps offer some ofthe longest lifetimes of any light source.
Incandescent and fluorescent lifetimes are shown here for comparison.
For applications where color is critical, use electronic ballasts. Electronic ballasts
that control lamp current help maintain nearly constant color. With standard ballasts,
HID lamps exhibit significant color shifting over their lifetime. Ceramic arc tube metal
halide lamps also offer improved color stability.
Mix fluorescent and HID lighting to help combat color shifting. Standard metal
halide and HIPS lamps change color over time, most noticeably after about 70 percent c
the rated lamp life. Spot relamping makes this phenomenon stand out, since lamps of
different ages may be grouped near each other, highlighting their differences in color.
The use of more color-stable light sources (such as fluorescents) in the same area can
reduce the problem. Combining HID indirect lighting with fluorescents can also help, as
the HIDs can reflect light off of surfaces not in the immediate view of occupants. Some
designers also position multiple lamps so that their light will be mixed before reaching
the target surface.
Consider the starting and restarting delays inherent to HID lighting. Ask these
questions when considering HID lamps:
• Will occupants need light as soon as they enter the room?
• Will the lights be turned off during the normal workday and will the delayed
restrike time be acceptable?
• Will temporary darkness after a brownout or blackout cause serious problems?
If the answer to any of these questions is yes, several potential solutions are available.
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Typical rated lifetime Ithausands of hours)
Souree: Manufatuerdab
Xcel Energy - High Intensity Discharge Lamps
Page 6 of 7
Instant-restrike lamps (such as fluorescents) can be used in the same space, or an
instant-restrike stand-by light source can be added to each HID fixture (typically a small
halogen lamp). Instant-restrike HID lamps are also available, but they exist only in large
sizes (250 watts or more). Note that stand-by lighting usually requires 120-volt supply,
while many HID fixtures run on 277-volt power. If stand-by lighting is included, the new
ballasts must have a tap that provides 120-volt power; otherwise a separate 120-volt
circuit will be required.
Is UV a potential problem? The high levels of UV put out by metal halide and mercury
vapor lamps can damage sensitive fabrics, papers, and artifacts. Special filtering can
help avoid damage, but with some globes and sconces, available glass does not filter
much UV and the flexible filters required lose their capacity at the temperatures
common to metal halide and mercury vapor fixtures. In those cases, "white" HPS
sources are the best bet.
Consider the newest fluorescent lamps and fixtures in medium and high bay
applications. HID lighting has been recommended for a number of years as the ideal
replacement for linear fluorescent lamps in medium and high bay applications. HID was
preferred because of its greater efficacy and superior color quality. However, the newes
linear fluorescents have color quality and efficacy that surpasses HID lamps, and
improved fixtures are once again making them an attractive option for medium and high
bay areas.
What's on the Horizon?
HID technology continues to advance on a number of fronts. As the price of color-
corrected "white" high-pressure sodium sources drop, more fixture manufacturers will
offer lower-cost equipment, creating greater demand for electronically ballasted
versions. Also, look for HID lamps to replace incandescents in even more applications
as instant-on, instant-restrike technology filters down to lower-wattage lamps. In
addition, until recently, dimming was a problem for HID lights--bi-level systems were the
only option available. However, new products that provide continuous dimming down to
about 30 percent light levels have recently been introduced. Look for these products to
make a bigger impact in the future.
Who Are the Manufacturers?
(Neither this list, nor any mention of a specific vendor or product in this guide,
constitutes an endorsement or recommendation of any vendor or product by E Source,
Inc., nor does this guide constitute an endorsement or recommendation, explicit or
otherwise, of your service providers' various technology-related programs.)
GE Lighting's newest metal halide line is the PulseArc systems. The company also
offers the Ecolux line of high-pressure sodium lamps.
Osram Sylvania recently introduced the SuperMetalarc line of pulse-start metal halide
lamps.
Philips Lighting offers the Master Color line of metal halide lamps.
Venture Lighting sells a line of standard metal halide lamps as well as the Uni-Form line
of pulse-start lamps.
Comright 2002 - Platts a unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All Rights Reserve(
Pte'!,
coxar r"
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Lighting Energy Usage - Consumers Power Page 1 of 2
Power Product
CFL Lighting
Surge Protectors
Water Heaters
11 Nome Nome Energy Usage Renewables Safety Rebates News About CPI Links Contact
Lighting
Check out our
Home Energy„Use
Guide!
Appliance
Typical Usag
e $/month*
$/year*
Christmas Lights
Snap-in Base (100 lights)
6 hrs/day
0.53
6.33
Large Screw Base (50 lights)
6 hrs/day
4.83
57.91
4' Fluorescent Tube
4-Lamp, T-12, 2 Magnetic Ballasts
10 hrs/day
4.37
52.48
4-Lamp, T-8, 1 Electronic Ballast
10 hrs/day
0.30
3.62
Exterior
Flood Light
Incandescent 150 watt
10 hrs/day
3.47
41.62
High Pressure Sodium-35 watt
10 hrs/day
0.98
11.76
Interior Light Bulb
Incandescent 60 watt
10 hrs/day
1.36
16.29
15 Watt Compact Fluorescent
10 hrs/day
0.38
4.52
(60 watt equiv)
Incandescent 75 watt
10 hrs/day
1.73
20.81
18 Watt Compact Fluorescent
10 hrs/day
0.38
4.52
(75 watt equiv)
Incandescent 100 watt
10 hrs/day
2.26
27.14
27 Watt Compact Fluorescent
10 hrs/day
0.60
7.24
(100 watt equiv)
Exterior Lighting (equivalent lighting levels)
Mercury Vapor 175 watt
10 hrs/day
6.56
78.72
High-Pressure Sodium 100 watt
10 hrs/day
3.92
47.05
Metal Halide 175 watt
10 hrs/day
3.24
38.91
Exterior Lighting (equivalent lighting levels)
Mecury Vapor 250 watt 10 hrs/day 6.56 78.72
High-Pressure Sodium 150 watt 10hrs/day 3.92 47.05
Metal Halide 175 watt 10 hrs/day 4.83 57.91
*All estimated energy costs calculated at $0.0754/kWh
Back to Home Energy Use Guide
ITEM 4
http://www.consumerspower.org/home_energy/lighting.php 9/3/2004
LIGHTING STANDARDS
AD HOC COMMITTEE
MEETING AGENDA
SEPTEMBER 1, 2004
1. Welcome and Introductions
2. Purpose of the Committee
3. Powerpoint Presentation
• The City's current standards
• Approaches used by other communities
• The International Dark-Sky Association
• Planning Commission's direction
4. Next Steps
• What additional information does the committee want?
• Are there others who should be on the committee?
• Agenda for the next meeting.
5. Set next meeting date
6. Adjourn
Lighting
Standards
Ad Hoc Committee
City of Wheat Ridge f WHE4 t
Community Development
7500 W. 29" Ave.
a
Wheat Ridge, CO 50033
303-235-2546
www.ci.wheatridge.co.us COt ORAOo
Sec. 26-503. Exterior lighting.
A. Purpose. The purpose of this section is to regulate the spillover of light and glare from exterior lighting on
operators of motor vehicles, pedestrians and land uses in the proximity of the light source. With respect to motor
vehicles in particular, safety considerations form the basis of these regulations. In other cases, both the nuisance
and hazard aspects of glare, reflected light and incidental spillover light are regulated. This section does not apply
to public street lighting or to public outdoor parks and recreation uses.
B. Permit required. An electrical permit application shall be required and a permit issued prior to installation or
substantial modification of any exterior lighting. The permit application shall be accompanied by information
required by the uniform electrical code and additional information that may be necessary to determine potential
negative effects upon adjacent properties and public streets including, but not limited to, a plot plan showing
location and orientation of lighting standards, building elevations showing location and orientation of lighting
standards, lighting standard specifications including height, type (i.e., cutoff, non-cutoff, spot, floodlight, etc.),
peak candlepower diagram, and any shielding devices to be incorporated so as to minimize incidental light
spillover or glare.
C. Lighting standards. The following restrictions shall apply to outdoor light control, including lighting within or
directed upon outdoor signs:
1. All fixtures shall be fully shielded. For purposes of this section, fully shielded shall mean fixtures
constructed so that light rays emitted are projected below, and not above, the horizontal plane of the
fixture, such that the source of illumination (bulb or direct lamp) is not visible from adjacent property or
rights-of-way. All light fixtures shall be downcast to minimize undesirable effects of illumination such as
glare, skyglow and light pollution.
2. All metal halide and fluorescent fixtures shall be filtered with glass, acrylic or translucent enclosures
3. Only high-pressure sodium (HPS), low pressure sodium (LPS) or incandescent fixtures shall be
permitted in commercial and multifamily residential parking areas. The level of illumination shall be
consistent with minimum industry standards adopted by the illuminating engineering society.
4. All exterior lighting shall be designed and situated so that substantially all of the directly emitted light
falls within the property boundaries.
5. Exterior lighting shall also be designed and situated so that no incidental or reflected light interferes
with reasonable enjoyment of adjacent land uses, or safe movement of motor vehicles on public streets.
6. The following exterior lighting is specifically prohibited:
a. Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic control device.
b. Any animated, flashing or changing intensity lights, except for temporary holiday displays.
7. Lights one hundred (100) watts and less per fixture, fluorescent lights forty (40) watts and less per
fixture, gas-fired fixtures and lights used for holiday decorations are exempt from the requirements of this
section.
8. For commercial developments, mixed-use developments and multifamily residential developments,
exterior freestanding light fixtures shall be mounted no more than eighteen (18) feet high. All other
applications shall be limited to a maximum of twelve (12) feet. The height of a mounted lighting fixture
shall not exceed the height of the wall it is mounted on.
9. Lighting plan. All applications for commercial, mixed use and multifamily residential developments
shall submit, as part of the final site development approval, a lighting plan which includes the following:
a. Site plan showing locations of all lighting fixtures and a numerical grid of lighting levels
(photometric report) or as isoilluminance curves (concentric circular lines representing constant
illumination levels).
b. Lamp type and wattage.
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c. Mounting heights of all fixtures.
d. Cut sheet showing the design and finishes of all fixtures and designation as cutoff fixtures.
10. Amortization schedule. All nonconforming outdoor light fixtures, including lighted outdoor signs,
existing prior to December 1, 2000, shall be brought into conformance with these outdoor lighting
provisions on or before December 1, 2005. Any light fixture that is replaced shall comply with the outdoor
lighting regulations of this section at the time of such replacement.
(Ord. No. 2001-1215, § 1, 2-26-01)
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Wheat Ridge Lighting Standards
• Survey of other jurisdictions' practices
• Current Wheat Ridge standards
• Issues
Recommendations
Survey of Other Jurisdictions
• IDA (International Dark-Sky Associrdf
has created a model ordinance
- Divides city into lighting zones
- Recommends setting a lumens cap within zones
• 56% of jurisdictions surveyed do not have
measurement based standards
- Rely on performance standards - no spillage off
site, restricted hours of operation, etc.
Survey of Other Jurisdictions...
• Of those jurisdictions with measurement
based standards, one uses a lumens cap
approach
• Most of these jurisdictions use foot-candle
limitations at the property line and
limitations for certain lighting situations
(canopies, entrances, loading areas)
Current Lighting Standards
• No spillage off-site
• No glaze or incidental light
• Source of light not visible from property
line or r-o-w
• Photometric plan required
• Maximum height of lights:
- Pole mounted - 18 feet
- Wall mounted- 12 feet
International Dark Sky Association:
fi
u_J
,'I M
"Implementation and enforcement of a ligh in
code affects planning and code enforcement
staff. In addition to the time required to review
additional materials related to lighting, and
possible follow-up on-site to verify compliance,
the staff will need to develop some familiarity
with lighting terms such as lumens, and the
shielding characteristics of luminaires."
"Enforcement includes not only the assmap.,
plans and construction conforms to the standards
of the code when the building or lighting permit is
issued and when the project is completed, but also
monitoring of continuing compliance after the
project is completed."
Issues
• Complexity of standards:
- Expertise required to prepare plans
- Staff expertise and review time
• Apply to residential fighting?
• Apply to street lighting, sport facilities, and
pedestrian lighting?
Issues, Cont.
• Time required to inspect construction for
installation according to plans
• Enforcement after construction; monitoring
- Time commitment of enforcement staff; or
- Complaints only
Car Dealership
• Fixtures are stua- ed
to keep light on the
site
• Perimeter reading of
1.5 foot-candles
Car Dealership
• Lights are not ifiieTded
• Light trespass offsite
occurs
Car Dealership
S
R#w5
Unshielded lights create glaze
Convenience Store
• Fixtures aze ¢otflush
with canopy and fail
to keep fight on site
4
Light trespass occurs
Convenience Store
• Canopy lights are
flush with the canopy
• Light is contained on
site
Gas Station
Drop down Ftures°
create glare
• Light trespass is
present
Gas Station
Lights are flush with canopy
Light is contained on site
Fast Food Restaurant
Unshielded lights create glare _
6
Convenience Store
• Drop down fights create glare
Convenience Store
• Drop down canopy lights are unnecessarilyarigfii
Light Trespass!
Parking lot lights across the street _ N r
Grocery Store
• Wall lights are shielded
• Drop down canopy lights create glare
Industrial Use
Unshielded wall light creates glare
Amortization '
• Five of the 11 jurisdictions with memuremedt"based standards have amortization periods
• Amortization periods range from 2 to 15 years
• Owners, managers often not aware of approved
plans or new code standards
• Shall nonconforming properties be made
conforming? What is a reasonable period to
require compliance?
Office Building
• Pedestrian lighting is downcast
Office Building
• Downcast lighting is contained on site
Amortization, cont.-
Is effective only if:
• Nonconforming properties are made aware of code
changes and participate in their formulation
• After adoption, nonconforming properties are
notified of new regulations
• Staff inventories existing properties; determines
those not in compliance and how they are not in
compliance
Recommendations
TO Wr
• Strengthen current regulations:
- Set property line foot-candle limits
- Set foot-candle limits for canopies, parking
lots, display areas, etc.
• Clarify allowed bulbs and fixtures
• Investigate height limitations
Recommendations, Cont
• Continue requiring lighting plans
• Require after-hours shut off
• Apply to signs
• Amortization????
9
7. STUDY SESSION
A. Case No. ZOA-04-04: An ordinance amending Chapter 26 of the Wheat Ridge Code
of Laws regarding lighting standards.
This case was presented by Alan White. He reviewed the staff report. Staff was directed by the
Planning Commission to develop new lighting standards based upon a presentation of the
objectives of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). An ordinance has not been
prepared at this time. This study session was held to discuss some issues prior to preparing an
ordinance.
The following points were discussed:
• The ordinance should be specific, simple and enforceable.
• Light spillage onto adjacent properties is important to control regardless of the zone district.
• Regulation for lights to be turned on and off should be addressed.
• Important to inform citizens about pending changes and ask for their input. Since there are
many absentee owners in Wheat Ridge, attempts should be made to contact them.
• Amortization for compliance with lighting standards on nonconforming properties is
important.
• Enforcement could be done on a complaint basis.
• While lighting can be a serious trespass in certain situations, it is important that the
ordinance not put undue pressure on residential or commercial property owners.
• Height limitations were discussed, but spillage onto adjacent properties is the most
important factor.
• Measurement versus performance of lighting was discussed.
• The Dark Skies regulations seem to be too ambitious to implement at this time.
• New development is easier to regulate than existing situations.
• Perhaps limitations on wattage for outdoor residential lighting should be considered
Taking the study sessions discussions into consideration, staff will draft an ordinance to bring
back for the Commission's consideration.
9. NEW BUSINESS
There was no new business to come before the Commission.
10. COMMISSION REPORTS
There were no Commission reports.
11. COMMITTEE AND DEPARTMENT REPORTS
There were no committee and department reports.
Planning Conunission
July 15, 2004
City of Wheat Ridge of ""EqT
Community Development Department
Memorandum ~~~oRP~~
TO: Planning Commission
FROM: Alan White, Community Development Director
SUBJECT: Case No. ZOA 04-04, Lighting Standards
DATE: July 8, 2004
This Case is: Quasi-judicial
X Legislative
A public hearing for this code amendment has not been scheduled. This is a study session.
Background
In April the Planning Commission requested staff to develop new lighting standards based upon a
presentation of the objectives of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). Staff has not
prepared an ordinance, but rather has scheduled a study session to discuss some issues prior to
preparing the ordinance.
Other Jurisdictions' Standards
As is typical with code amendments, we have researched other jurisdictions' regulations. Some of
their pertinent standards are included in the attached table (Attachment 1.) Wheat Ridge is included
in the chart for comparison purposes.
The first column, "measurement based standards," is an indication of whether or not the jurisdiction
has a numerical limit on the lumens or foot-candles permitted at the property line, on site, total
property, or any combination of these limits.. If "No" is indicated, the jurisdiction has a standard
similar to "no glare or spillage of light off site."
About half of the jurisdictions surveyed have some form of measurement based standards. These
range from fairly simple (Lone Tree) to complex (Boulder). These same jurisdictions also have foot-
candle limitations for certain uses (e.g., car lots) or certain lighting applications (e.g., canopies or
entrances). For comparison, attached are the lighting standards for Lone Tree and Boulder.
(Attachments 2 and 3.)
Most jurisdictions have limitations on height of lighting fixtures, with 40 feet being the maximum.
The maximum height for parking lot lighting is higher than other permitted lighting in some
jurisdictions and lighting for recreational facilities is exempt in some jurisdictions. The IDA
Handbook actually recommends against a height limitation in that poles less than 25 feet are
problematic.
About half the jurisdictions require lights to be turned off after close of business or completion of a
sporting event. There are no shut off requirements in the other jurisdictions, including Wheat Ridge,
unless it is a condition of approval of a final development plan or special use.
Eight of the 26 jurisdictions surveyed apply their lighting standards to signs. About half of the
jurisdictions specify the types of bulbs allowed, including Wheat Ridge. The most common bulbs
permitted are high pressure sodium, metal halide, and incandescent. Low pressure sodium bulbs are
allowed in Wheat Ridge, but specifically prohibited in other jurisdictions.
Seven of the 26 jurisdictions allow variances to the lighting standards. Five allow temporary
exemptions from the standards for special events. Wheat Ridge does not allow either.
Six jurisdictions have amortization periods, ranging from 2 years to 15 years. Wheat Ridge created
an amortization period in the code amendment in 2001, requiring nonconforming outdoor fixtures to
be brought into compliance with the new requirements by December 1, 2005.
Current City Standards
The City's current standards are performance based, not measurement based. The standards are
found in Section 26-503 of the Zoning and Development Code. A summary of the standards
follows:
• Fixtures shall be fully shielded to minimize "incidental" spillover or glare.
• Source of illumination shall not be visible from adjacent property or rights-of-way.
• Lighting shall be designed so that "substantially" all light falls within property.
• Exterior lighting shall be designed so that no incidental or reflected light interferes with
"reasonable enjoyment of adjacent land uses" or safe movement of motor vehicles.
• Metal halide and fluorescent fixtures shall be filtered; only high pressure sodium, low
pressure sodium and incandescent fixtures may be used for parking lot lighting.
• The level of illumination shall be consistent with minimum industry standards adopted by the
Illuminating Engineers Society (IES). (We don't have a copy of these standards and,
therefore, don't know if proposed lighting is consistent or not.)
• Lights mounted on poles are limited to 18 feet in height; all others are limited to 12 feet.
• A lighting plan is required for commercial, mixed use, and multi-family developments
o Site plan showing location of lighting fixtures.
o Photometric plan (showing foot-candle readings in a grid on the site).
o Lamp type and wattage.
o Heights of fixtures.
o Cut sheet showing design of fixture and designation as cutoff fixture.
Issues
From the International Dark Sky Association Outdoor Lighting Handbook:
"Implementation and enforcement of alighting code affects planning and code enforcement staff. In
addition to the time required to review additional materials related to lighting, and possible follow
up on-site to verify compliance, the staff will need to develop some familiarity with lighting terms
such as lumens, and the shielding characteristics of luminaires. Enforcement includes not only the
assurance that plans and constructions conforms (sic) to the standards of the code.when the building
or lighting permit is issued and when the project is completed, but also monitoring of continuing
compliance after the project is completed. "
"Some areas of lighting codes suffer from difficulty or impracticality of enforcement.... "
Some definitions:
• Foot-candle: A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the luminous flux per unit
area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
• Illuminance: The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux per unit area)
measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot (foot-candles).
• Lumen: Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by lamps.
• Lux: One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per unit area in the
metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
The International Dark-Sky Association has prepared the USA Pattern Lighting Code that can serve
as a model lighting ordinance for communities. It appears at least one local jurisdiction (Littleton)
has patterned their lighting code after this publication. Exhibit 4 is Littleton's lighting code.
The issues the Commission needs to consider in recommending new standards to City Council are
summarized below.
How detailed should any lighting limitations be? Should the approach be the Lone Tree
approach, the Boulder approach, or the Littleton approach?
2. Are the standards going to apply to residential properties? What about the neighbor
complaining about the 1,000-watt security light from next door shining in his back yard all
night? What about street lighting, pedestrian lighting, and sport field lighting?
3. Review time by staff will increase in proportion to the complexity of the regulations. We
already review photometric plans, so that isn't a big adjustment. If the standards include
lumens or foot-candle restrictions for certain lighting situations as defined by Boulder, for
example, there will be more review time and more that is open to interpretation in applying
the standards.
4. One of staff s biggest concerns is the enforcement at time of construction and continual
monitoring thereafter for compliance. Construction inspection, now done at certain stages of
the building process (foundation, framing, plumbing, etc.), will need to include a verification
of the lighting installed versus the lighting approved on the plans. It could also include a
check of property line foot-candle readings prior to issuing a certificate of occupancy. We do
not have the staff to perform these inspections.
5. After construction is completed, APCO would do the enforcement. Unless officers
responded only on a complaint basis, enforcement would require continual monitoring of
properties. It is not an exaggeration to say they do not have the time to monitor lighting
situations and would probably have higher priority calls to deal with. As they would be
enforcing the new standards and we would be creating more work for them, they need to be
part of the process of creating and understanding any new regulations. Additional training
may be needed. While the operation of a light meter may be fairly straight forward, how do
you separate the light emanating from a parking lot from the light coming from the nearby
street light?
6. A second concern is creating an amortization schedule. If we develop new standards, we
should probably change the current December 2005 compliance date. What is a reasonable
amortization time? If we don't amortize the current, non-conforming lights, we would be
creating new standards only for new projects that might come along. The overall result of
reducing light pollution in the community might be minimal. Amortization is effective only
if we know what properties do not comply with the new regulations and how they do not
comply. We would have to inventory the lighting on each site in the City. We do not have
the staff to do this.
7. If an amortization schedule is created or the current one is revised, business owners and
landowners should be involved in the process of developing the new standards so that it is
not a surprise when they get a notice to change their lights at the end of the amortization
period.
8. If it is decided to use IDA approach, it is recommended that we engage the services of an
illuminating engineer to educate staff, Planning Commission, City Council, and the public
about illumination and to review or help write the new regulations. Unless the approach is to
minimally change the existing regulations, new regulations shouldn't be adopted unless an
expert can advise us on what works and what doesn't.
Staff Recommendations:
• Strengthen current regulations by setting property line foot-candle limits.
• Establish foot-candle limits for canopies, display areas, entrances, etc.
• Clarify bulbs that are allowed.
• Require shut off after hours.
• Apply the new standards to lighted signs.
• Continue requiring light plan for any site development.
• Investigate different height limitations.
• Discuss amortization; if amortization is proposed, then:
o Create a process for business owner and landowner input.
o Hire an illuminating engineer
Exhibit 1: Lighting Standards in Other Jurisdictions
°c aw w ow
~a w o
w° °a oa ¢ 4~° ro
O~ a° Jy at`° v tc~ P~ ?e
w 1` a w c
,A¢ ytio ,Jo a q
y .~V J ~y o Q wo N
A? A~
P C°
Arapahoe
Y
Y
15 to 25 feet;
Lighting plans must
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
County
35 feet for
address lighting
parking lots
controls for post
over 5 acres.
curfew hours. Lights
shall be turned off by
10:00 p.m. or within
i hour of closing.
Sports field or court
lighting shall be
turned off 30 minutes
after the last event.
Arvada
N
Y
Parking lot
All non-residential
N
N
N
N
N
lighting -18 to
lighting (except for
35 feet.
security purposes)
Pedestrian
shall be turned off
lighting -12 to
one hour after
14 feet.
closing and not
turned back on until
1 hour before
o enin .
Aurora
No,
Y
16 to 25 feet
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Boulder
Y
Y
12 to 25 feet;
Field or court lights
Y
Y
Y
Y
15 years
35 feet for
within 30 minutes of
parking lots
the last event.
over 5 acres,
Service station
for sports
canopies and
lighting or as
vehicular display High
approved by
must be minimized
city manager.
within 1 hour of
closing.
Recommended after
close for other uses.
Broomfield
Set case by
N
16 feet for
N
N
N
N
N
N
case in PUD's
walkway
lighting
Castle Rock
Y
Y
25 to 40 feet
Lighting plans must
Y
N
Y
N
N
address lighting
controls for post
curfew hours. Lights
on property adjacent
to residentially zoned
land (except for
security purposes)
must be reduced by
50% within 1 hour of
closing and within 1
hour of opening.
Page 1
Centennial
Y
Y
15 to 25 feet;
Lighting plans must
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
(adopted
35 feet for
address lighting
parking lots
controls for post
Arapahoe
-
over 5 acres.
curfew hours. Lights
County
shall be turned off by
standards)
10:00 p.m. or within
1 hour of closing.
Sports field or court
lighting shall be
turned off 30 minutes
after the last event.
Commerce
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
city
Denver
Y
Y
12 to 35 feet;
Reduction required 1
N
Y
N
N
N
40 feet for
to 2 hours after
parking lots
closing for all uses
over 8 acres
except businesses
and tennis
open 24 hours and
courts.
lighting for security
purposes.
Douglas
Y
N
24 to 40 feet
1 hour after closing
N
N
N
N
N
County
and within 1 hour of
opening. Sports
arena lighting must
be extinguished by
10:00 p.m. or
immediately following
he event.
Englewood
No,
N
25 feet for auto
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
sales.
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Golden
No,
N
Shall not
N'
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
exceed the
uses a no
lesser of 5 feet
spillage off
taller than the
property
main building
standard.
or 25 feet.
Greenwood
Y
N
18 feet
N
N
- Y
Y
Y
N
Village
Jefferson
Y
N
12 to 20 feet;
N
N
Y
N
N
N
County
public sports
and cultural
facilities are
exempt.
Lafayette
No,
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Lakewood
No,
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Littleton
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
5 years
Page 2
Lone Tree
Y
Y
24 to 40 feet
1 hour after closing
Y
Y
N
N
N
and within 1 hour of
opening (except for
security purposes).
Longmont
Y
Y
Residential
Outdoor recreational
N
Y
N
N
3 years
zone districts -
uses no later than
16 feet. Non-
11:30 p.m.
residential and
public zone
districts - 25
feet.
Louisville
Y
Y
20 to 24 feet
N
N
Y
N
N
N
Morrison
Y
Y
12 to 25 feet,
Field or court lights
Y
Y
Y
Y
15 years
(based on
35 feet for
within 30 minutes of
parking lots
the last event.
ordinance
over 5 acres,
Service station
draft, has not
for sports
canopies and
passed as of
lighting or as
vehicular display ligh
6130/04)
approved by
must be minimized
Planning
within 1 hour of
Commission.
closing.
Recommended after
close for other uses.
Silverthome
Y
Y
Residential-
1 hour after closing
N
Y
N
N
Approximately
15 feet,
and within 1 hour of
2 years
Commercial -
opening. If business.
18 feet,
is open 24 hours, no
Pedestrian - 8
decorative or
feet
architectural lighting
may be illuminated
after 10:00 p.m. if
adjacent to a
residential zone
district.
Superior
No,
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Thornton
No,
N
35 feet for
N
N
N
N
N
N
jurisdiction
parking lots.
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Westminster
No, off site
N
30 feet for
N
N
N
N
N
N
glare is not
parking lots.
permitted
though.
Wheat Ridge
No,
N
12 to 18 feet
N
N
Y
N
N
5 years
jurisdiction
uses a no
spillage off
property
standard.
Page 3
0 City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2004
SECTION 30 LIGHTING STANDARDS
3001 Intent
To provide lighting standards that prevent motorized vehicle and pedestrian
conflicts, provide personal safety and protection against assault, theft and
vandalism; to provide convenience and comfort levels to the users of sites and
minimize the negative effects of light pollution and trespass on surrounding land
uses.
3002 Lighting Standards
All outdoor lighting shall meet the following standards:
3002.01 External and internal lighting shall be shielded such that the source of
illumination (bulb or direct lamp image) is not visible from any
adjacent property, except for Director approved limited decorative
lighting, approved streetscape lighting, or as otherwise provided
herein.
3002.02 Except as otherwise allowed for herein, all lighting (including, but not
limited to street, parking lot, security, walkway and building) shall
conform with the Illuminating Engineers Society (IES) criteria for true
cut-off fixtures (90% of fixture light out-put within the 0-60° range from
vertical). No portion of the bulb or direct lamp image may be visible
beyond two mounting heights from the fixture.
If the bulb position within a fixture is vertical, any or all of the following
may be required:
• A high socket mount,
• A translucent fixture lens,
• An opaque coating or shield on a portion of the perimeter of
the lens, or
• Other industry accepted measures, to ensure that the fixture
IES classification as a true cut-off is not compromised.
3002.03 All lights must be retrofitted with shielding in a manner such that the
light conforms with IES criteria for true cut-off fixtures as noted in
3001.02 herein.
30-2
EXHI I
g1ft City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2004
3002.04 All lights, except those required for security as provided herein, must
be extinguished within one hour after the end of business hours and
remain extinguished until one hour prior to the commencement of
business hours. For reasons of security, 1.5 foot-candles at
entrances, stairways and loading docks, and 0.5 foot-candle on the
rest of the site is permitted.
3002.05 Lights which are mounted on the ground or poles for the purpose of
illuminating the building facade are prohibited, unless otherwise
approved through the Site Improvement Plan process.
3002.06 Non IES approved cut-off fixtures which use incandescent bulbs of
'
150 watts or less may be permitted to illuminate landscapEj:ss
pedestrian walkways, signage, or product display areas. ge
lighting shall be extinguished within one hour of the end hours and remain extinguished until one hour prior to commencement
of business hours.
3002.07 Blinking, flashing or changing intensity lights and lighted signs shall
be prohibited, except for temporary holiday displays or lighting
required by the FAA for air traffic control and warning purposes.
3002.08 No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that could interfere
with the safe movement of motor vehicles on public thoroughfares.
The following is prohibited:
3002.08.01 Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that
produces incident or reflected light that could be disturbing to
the operator of a motor vehicle.
3002.08.02 Any light that may be confused with or construed as a traffic
control device except as authorized by a State, Federal, or
City government.
3002.09 No beacon or searchlight shall be installed, illuminated or maintained.
3002.10 All stadium and all other exterior sports arena lights used for the
purpose of illumination of the playing area must be extinguished by
10:00 p.m. or immediately after the conclusion of the final event of the
day. The remainder of the facility lighting, except for reasons of
security, must be extinguished at 10:00 p.m. or within one hour after
the event, whichever is later, and remain extinguished until one hour
prior to the commencement of the next event. For reasons of
30-3
City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2004
security, however, a maximum level of 1.5 foot-candles at entrances
and stairways, and 0.5 foot-candle on the rest of the site is permitted.
3002.11 Maximum fixture height for all lighting shall be:
• 24 feet when fixture is located within 75 feet of the site's
boundary; and
• 40 feet when the fixture is located beyond 75 feet from the
site's boundary provided that for mounting heights in excess of
24feet, the distance of the fixture to the site's boundary be not
less than three times the mounting height.
3002.12 All fixtures mounted within 15 feet of any residential property line or
public right-of-way boundary of the site shall be classified as IES
Type III or Type F (asymmetric forward throw) and shall be fitted with
a "house side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential or
public right-of-way property line.
3002.13 Acceptable bulb types:
High Pressure Sodium
Metal Halide (coated preferred)
Incandescent
3002.14 Maximum on-site foot-candles shall not exceed the following and may
be reduced if adjacent to residential or other similar sensitive type
land use:
3002.14.01 Ten (10) foot-candles in areas adjacent to building entryways.
Said 10 foot-candle maximum shall include light spillage from
within the building as well as light from signage.
3002.14.02 Three (3) foot-candles for parking lot areas.
3002.14.03 Ten to thirty-five (10-35) foot-candles for special display areas
associated with such uses as auto sales.
3002.14.04 Thirty (30) foot-candles under canopies of service stations or
similar approved uses.
Exceptions may be granted for the lighting of monument or
other signs, which enhance the City's identity or image.
30-4
City of Lone Tree Zoning Ordinance May 29, 2004
3002.16 Light levels measured 20 feet beyond the site's property line
(adjacent to residential or public right-of-way) shall never exceed 0.1
foot-candles as a direct result of the on-site lighting.
3002.17 All project lighting must receive final administrative approval,
including illumination levels and types of fixtures prior to issuance of a
Certificate of Occupancy. Any unsatisfactory lights must be further
shielded, reduced or increased in intensity, or removed.
30-5
BOULDER LIGHTING STANDARDS
9-3.3-17 Outdoor Lighting.
(a) Pumose: The purposes of the outdoor lighting standards are to:
(1) Provide adequate light for safety and security;
(2) Promote efficient and cost effective lighting and to conserve energy;
(3) Reduce light pollution, light trespass, glare, and offensive light
sources;
(4) Provide an environmentally sensitive nighttime environment that
includes the ability to view the stars against a dark sky so that people can
see the Milky Way Galaxy from residential and other appropriate viewing
areas;
(5) Prevent inappropriate, poorly designed or installed outdoor lighting;
(6) Encourage quality lighting design; light fixture shielding, establish
maximum uniformity ratios and establish maximum light levels within and
on property lines; and
(7) Establish an amortization program to remove or replace light fixtures
that exceed the requirements permitted by this section.
(b) Legislative Findings Regarding the Amortization Provisions: The city council adopts
the following findings regarding the amortization provisions of this section:
(1) On balance, that the burdens created to individual property owners by
the amortization provisions of this section are greatly outweighed by the
benefits that will be provided to all of the citizens in and visitors to the
City of Boulder and areas that are in close proximity to the City of
Boulder. The value of the fixtures required to be replaced by this section
are minimal, and that on balance, the burden placed on the property owner
is minimal, given the value of such fixtures against the benefits gained by
such replacement, which is a substantial decrease of unnecessary light
pollution.
(2) The amortization period, based upon the formula that is used by the
United States Internal Revenue Service to depreciate fixtures attached to
real property over a fifteen year period is reasonable and provides a
rational basis for the amortization schedule set forth in this section.
EXHIM
(3) The adopted amortization periods, together with an opportunity for
extensions beyond the time periods set in this section will allow the
property owner to recoup or recover costs or otherwise reap the benefits of
the useful life of such improvements in a manner that is consistent with
the generally accepted methods of depreciating fixtures utilized by the
United States Internal Revenue Service.
(c) Scone: This section shall apply to all exterior lighting including illumination from
outdoor signs that impact the outdoor environment. No person shall install any light
fixture unless such fixture meets the requirements of this section.
(1) Conformance at the Time of Building Permit Application: Compliance
with the requirements of this chapter shall be required for all new
development. The following outdoor lighting improvements shall be
installed prior to a final inspection for any building permit for any
redevelopment which exceeds the following thresholds:
(A) When development or redevelopment, exceeds twenty-
five percent of the Boulder County Assessor's actual value
of the existing structure then all existing unshielded
exterior light fixtures shall be retrofitted with shielding to
prevent light trespass.
(B) When development or redevelopment exceeds fifty
percent of the Boulder County Assessor's actual value of
the existing structure then:
(i) All exterior lighting, except existing
parking lot lighting, shall be brought into
conformance with the requirements of this
section; and
(ii) All existing parking lot light fixtures
shall be retrofitted with shielding to prevent
light trespass.
(C) When development or redevelopment exceeds seventy-
five percent of the Boulder County Assessor's actual value
of the existing structure then all exterior lighting fixtures
shall be brought into full conformance with the
requirements of this section.
(2) Replacement of Fixtures: If an existing light fixture is removed, it shall
only be replaced with a conforming light fixture.
(d) Design Standards: No person shall install or maintain any exterior lighting that fails to
meet the requirements of this section:
(1) Maximum Light Levels at Property Line: The maximum light level at
any point on a property line shall not exceed 0.1 footcandles within or
adjacent to a residential zone or 0.2 footcandles in non-residential zones
except as follows:
(A) The light emitted by light fixtures mounted on a
structure built within five feet of a public street right-of-
way or sidewalk, shall not exceed the maximum allowable
light levels for "pedestrian areas" specified in subsection
(e) of this section for the underlying zoning district or use.
The maximum allowable light level shall include any
existing or proposed street or pedestrian lighting located
within the right of way. In no case shall the maximum
allowable light level within the right-of-way, excluding
street lights, exceed 0.2 footcandles when measured at the
curbline.
(B) In non-residential zoning districts, unless a variance has
been granted, light levels exceeding 0.2 footcandles at the
property line may be approved by the city manager upon
finding that the increased light levels will not adversely
affect an adjacent property owner. Evidence that the light
will not adversely affect an adjacent property owner may
include, without limitation, a statement from such property
owner that it will not be adversely affected by the increased
light levels. The maximum allowable light levels specified
in subsection (e) of this section shall not be exceeded when
measured on the property line.
(2) White Light Source Required: White light sources that include,
without limitation, metal halide, fluorescent, or induction lamps, but
excluding incandescent and halogen lamps, shall be required for any light
fixture which exceeds two thousand four hundred lumens that is within a
parking lot, vehicular circulation, or pedestrian use area.
(3) Use of High Pressure Sodium Lmp : Full cutoff high pressure sodium
lamps, not exceeding a maximum lumen rating of sixteen thousand
lumens, may be used in outdoor storage areas and other similar use areas
not accessible to the general public and the need for good color rendering
capabilities for safety and security is not necessary.
(4) Architectural Lighting of Building Facades: The lighting of a building
facade for architectural, aesthetic, or decorative purposes is permitted
subject to the following restrictions:
(A) Upward aimed building facade lighting shall not
exceed nine hundred lumens. All upward aimed light shall
be fully shielded, fully confined from projecting into the
sky by eaves, roofs or overhangs, and mounted as flush to a
wall as possible.
(B) Building facade lighting exceeding nine hundred
lumens shall be fully shielded, aimed downward, and
mounted as flush to a wall as possible.
(C) Building facade lighting shall be fully contained within
the vertical surface of the wall being illuminated.
(D) Building facade lighting that is measurable at the
ground level shall be included in the maximum allowable
light levels.
(5) Unshielded Lighting Activated by a Motion Sensor: Unshielded
lighting that emits more than nine hundred lumens but less than or equal to
one thousand two hundred lumens is permitted provided that it is activated
by a motion sensor and provided it is aimed and located in such a manner
as to prevent glare and light trespass. The light shall only go on when
activated and go off within five minutes of activation. Motion sensor
activated lighting shall not be triggered by any movement or activity
located off the property on which the light is located.
(6) Signs: All exterior signs shall be required to meet the standards for this
section. In addition, all exterior signs are also subject to the requirements
set forth in Chapter 10-11, "Signs on Private Property," B.R.C. 1981.
(7) Standards for Lights Adjacent to Residential Zoning Districts
Residential Uses or Public Ri t-of-Ways: Any light fixture located
within ten feet of a property line, of a residential zoning district, an
existing residential use, or within ten feet of a public right-of-way, except
as permitted in subsection (d)(1)(A) of this section shall be:
(A) Aimed away from the property line, residential zone,
residential use, and/or right-of-way;
(B) Classified as an IESNA Type III or Type IV light
fixture; and
(C) Shielded on the side closest to the property line,
residential zone, residential use, or public right-of-way.
(8) Canopy Lighting: Lighting fixtures mounted under canopies used for
vehicular shelter shall be aimed downward and installed such that the
bottom of the light fixture or its lens, whichever is lower, is recessed or
mounted flush with the bottom surface of the canopy. A full cutoff light
fixture may project below the underside of a canopy. All light emitted by
an under-canopy fixture shall be substantially confined to the ground
surface directly beneath the perimeter of the canopy. No lighting, except
that permitted by the sign ordinance, shall be permitted on the top or sides
of a canopy.
(9) Flagpoles: A flagpole meeting the requirements of Chapter 10-11,
"Signs on Private Property," B.R.C. 1981, may be illuminated by one
upward aimed fully shielded spotlight light fixture which shall not exceed
three thousand five hundred lumens. The light fixture shall be placed as
close to the base of the flagpole as reasonably possible.
(10) Strings of Lights: No person shall use a string of lights on property
with non-residential uses except as follows:
(A) Strings of lights may only be used if they are approved
by the city manager as part of an outdoor lighting plan or
landscape plan. The plan must comply with all of the
standards of this subsection. The purpose of such lighting is
intended to create pleasing pedestrian spaces, such as an
outdoor dining or patio areas, utilizing low lighting levels.
(B) Strings of lights permitted under this subsection shall
be displayed in compliance with the following standards:
(i) The string of lights contains only low
wattage bulbs that are not greater than fifty
lumens per bulb (equivalent to a seven watt
C7 incandescent bulb);
(ii) The string of lights shall be located
within a pedestrian way, plaza, patio,
outdoor dining area, or the primary entry
into a building;
(iii) The string of lights is not placed in any
required landscape setback adjacent to a
street;
(iv) The string of lights shall be displayed on
a building, wall, fence, trees, and shrubs;
and
(v) The string of lights shall not suspend
horizontally between any buildings, walls,
fences, trees, or shrubs (for the purposes of
this paragraph, "horizontally" means any
portion of the suspended string which dips
less than forty-five degrees below the
horizontal).
(11) Parking Lot Lights and Trees: Parking lot light fixtures and poles
shall be located such that trees located within the parking lot do not
obscure the operation of the light fixture.
(12) Full Cutoff Fixtures: Full cutoff fixtures shall be installed in a
horizontal position as designed.
(e) Maximum Light Standards: No person shall operate any device which makes light in
excess of the levels specified in this section. Light from any fixture shall not exceed any
of the limits for the applicable zoning district or use classification in Tables "A" and "B."
In the event an applicant utilizes light levels at the highest level permitted for a specific
use area, such lighting shall be substantially confined to that particular use area.
Table A
Zonine District Requirements
Residential Zoning Districts
Commercial, Office, and
Public Zoning District and
industrial Zoning Districts
Public Uses in Residential
(not including public uses)
Zones
5.0 at building entries
5.0 at building entries
5.0 at building entries
3.0 in parking areas
5.0 in parking areas
5.0 m parking lots
Maximum allowable light levels
3.0 along pedestrian
(measured in footcandles)
3.0 along pedestrian walkways
3.0 along pedestrian walkways
walkways
2.0 in common open space
2.0 in outdoor storage areas (max.
uniformity ratio requirements are
areas
not applicable)
Maximum Uniformity Ratio (max. to
n/a
10:1 (except as noted above)
10:1
min.)
Maximum lumen rating for a full
$500- parking areas ofb or
14,0430
14,000
cutoff luminaire shielded from view of
more spaces
adjacent streets and properties
4,000 - walkway lights and
23,500 on 35 foot pole when
common areas
permitted
1,800 stairways and entryways
16,000 for High Pressure Sodium
when permitted
Maximum lament rating for son IESNA
900
1,250
1
250
cutoff or semi cutoff fixture
,
900: except no Imp or bulb,
Maximum lumen rating for an
other than for seasonal displays
unshielded light fixture
and landscape ornamental
900
900
lighting, shall be visible
beyond the property line
Controls
Motion sensors required for all
unshielded fixtures in excess of
Recommended after close of
ended after close of
F
m
900 lumens
business
bin
feet in parking lots within
20
20 feet in parking lots
25 feet in parking lots
or adjacent to residential
zones, otherwise 25 foot
Maximum allowable pole height
maximum
(includes base, pole and luminaire)
15 feet in all other areas
35 feet for contiguous parking lots
of 5 or more acres in size
20 feet in all other areas
Table B
Special Use Requirements
Parking Structures and
Service Stations,
Covered Parking Below a
Private Recreation Use
Public Recreation Use
Automobile Dealerships,
Building
Drive-Up Windows
The lesser of 30
5.0 within structure and in
footcandles or the
The IESNA recommended
5.0 in building entries and
5
0 in
structure and pedestrian
IESNA recommended
standards for the specific
.
drive-up windows
entries
standards for the specific
sports venue
sports venue
Maximum allowable light levels
I 5.0 for uncovered upper
levels
5.0 in parking lots
.0 in parkin lots
g
1 51
20.0 under service station
i
1
canop
es
(measured in footcandles)
5.0 for exterior pedestri
4.0 in pedestrian areas
4.0 in pedestrian areas
15.0 within vehicular
circulation areas
display areas
5.0 in parking lots
3.0 along pedestrian
walkways
5:1 within parking
3:1 on sports Feld or
3:1 on sports field or court
10:1
Maximum uniformity ratio
structure
court
(max
to min
)
.
.
10:1 remainder of site
10:1 remainder ofsite
10: I remainder of site
Maximum lumen rating fora
23,500
107,000
full cutoff light fixture shielded
14
14,000
from view of adjacent streets
field or court area
sports field
and properties
8,500
23,000
parking and pedestrian
areaz
coons
13,500
parking areas
8,500
pedestrian areas
Maximum lumen rating for an
IESNA cutoff or semi cutoff
1,800
1,250
4,000
1,800
light fixture
Maximum lumen rating for an
unshielded light fixture
900
900
900
1
900
1 1
Sports shielding
n/a
internal and external
internal and external
n/a
Light fixture aiming angle
n/a
,da
not greater than h0 degrees
from nadir
n/a
Field or court lights shall
Service station canopies and
Automatic daylight
be turned off within 30
Field or court lights shall be
vehicular display light shall
Controls
adaptation controls
minutes of the last event
turned off within 30 minutes
not exceed 5.0 footcandles
required
or 12:00 midnight
after the last event
within I hour of the close of
whichever is earlier
business
Maximum allowable pole
height
12 feet for uncovered
upper level parking
20 feet in residential
zones
20 feet in parking lots within
or adjacent to residential
pones, otherwise 25 feet
20 feet when adjacent to
residential zones, otherwise
25 feet in parking lots
(includes base, pole, and light
fixture)
25 feet in all other zones
35 feet for sports lighting or
as approved b the ci
manager per Section 99-4-111
20 feet in all other areas
"Site Review," B.R.C. 1981
(f) Prohibitions: No person shall install any of the following types of outdoor lighting
fixtures:
(1) Mercury vapor lamps;
(2) Low pressure sodium lamps, unless within six hundred feet of an
existing astronomical observatory, which is owned or operated by a
governmental entity;
(3) Blinking, flashing, moving, revolving, flickering, changing intensity or
color, and chase lighting, except lighting for temporary seasonal displays,
lighting for public safety or required for air traffic safety;
(4) Any light fixture that may be confused with or construed as a traffic
control device;
(5) Any upward oriented lighting except as otherwise provided for in this
section;
(6) Searchlights, beacons, and laser source light fixtures;
(7) Exposed linear lamps that include, without limitation, neon, Light
Emitting Diode (L.E.D.), and fluorescent lighting, primarily intended as an
architectural highlight to attract attention or used as a means of
identification or advertisement except as permitted by Chapter 10-11,
"Signs on Private Property," B.R.C. 1981; and
(8) Any lamp or bulb not within a light fixture (except for seasonal
displays and landscape ornamental lighting) visible beyond the property
line on which it is located.
(g) Lighting Plans Required: A lighting plan shall be submitted with any building permit
application except for a single detached dwelling unit on an individual lot, in which
outdoor lighting is proposed or required. The lighting plan shall include:
(1) A site plan showing the location of all buildings and building heights,
parking, and pedestrian areas on the lot or parcel;
(2) The location and description including mature height of existing and
proposed trees and the location of light fixtures on adjacent properties or
the street right-of- way within ten feet of the subject property;
(3) The location and height above grade of all proposed and existing light
fixtures on the subject property;
(4) The type, initial lumen rating, color rendering index, and wattage of
each lamp source;
(5) The general style of the light fixture such as cutoff, lantern, coach
light, globe, and a copy of the manufacturers catalog information sheet
and IESNA photometric distribution type, including any shielding
information such as house side shields, internal, and/or external shields;
(6) Control descriptions including type of controls (timer, motion sensor,
time clock, etc.), the light fixtures to be controlled by each type, and
control schedule when required;
(7) Aiming angles and diagrams for sports lighting fixtures; and
(8) A light calculation which shows the maximum light levels on a grid
not to exceed ten feet by ten feet across the entire site and a minimum of
ten feet beyond the lot or parcel property line. The grid shall also indicate
maximum to minimum uniformities for each specific use area such as
parking and circulation areas, pedestri an areas, and other common public
areas.
(h) Final Inspection and Certification: Prior to a building permit final inspection or the
issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the applicant shall provide certification that the
outdoor lighting as installed complies with the approved illumination plan and the
requirements of this section unless waived or amended by the city manager in writing.
The certification shall be submitted in a format prescribed by the city manager. The
certification shall be completed by the architect, electrical engineer, electrical contractor,
or lighting consultant responsible for the plans or the final installation.
(i) Exceptions: The standards of this section shall not apply to the following types of
exterior lighting:
(1) Ornamental Lighting: Low voltage (twelve volts or less), low wattage
ornamental landscape lighting fixtures, and solar operated light fixtures
having self-contained rechargeable batteries, where any single light fixture
does not exceed one hundred lumens.
(2) Strings of Light: Strings of light, not exceeding a maximum of fifty
lumens per lamp, (equivalent of a seven watt C7 incandescent light bulb)
on properties located in all residential zoning districts or on properties that
are used exclusively for residential uses shall be exempt from the
requirements of this chapter.
(3) Aviation Li hting: Lighting used exclusively for aviation purposes. All
heliport lighting, except lighting associated with emergency facilities,
shall be turned off when the heliport is not in use.
(4) Right-of-Way Lighting: Public lighting that is located within the right-
of-way.
(5) Seasonal Lighting Displays: Lighting displays from November 15
through January 30 of the following year.
0) Variances and Exemptions: The city manager is authorized to grant variances to this
section in accordance with the following standards:
(1) Equivalent Material: The provisions of this section are not intended to
prevent the use of any design, material or method of installation not
specifically prohibited by this section provided any such alternate has been
approved by the city manager. The city manager may approve any such
alternate provided that the proposed design, material or method provides
an approximate equivalent method of satisfying the standards of this
section.
(2)' Variance: The city manager may grant a variance from the provisions
of this section if the city manager finds that one of the criteria of
subparagraph 0)(2)(A), (B) or (C), and subparagraphs 0)(2)(D) and (E) of
this section have been met:
(A) There are special circumstances or conditions applying
to the land, buildings, or outdoor light fixtures for which
the variance is sought, which circumstances or conditions
are peculiar to such land, buildings or outdoor light fixtures
and do not apply generally to the land, buildings or outdoor
light fixtures in the neighborhood;
(B) For non-residential uses, there are occupational safety
lighting requirements for activities or processes that occur
outdoors that are required by another governmental agency;
or
(C) Upon a finding by the city manager that outdoor
lighting in specific areas of the community, that otherwise
meets the requirements of this section is not adequate and
additional lighting is necessary to improve safety or
security for the property or its occupants; and
(D) The granting of the variance will generally be
consistent with the purpose of this section and will not be
injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to
the public welfare; and
(E) The variance is the minimum variance that provides the
relief required.
(3) Temporary Lighting Exemption: The city manager may grant an
exemption from the requirements of this section for temporary outdoor
activities that include, without limitation, fairs, carnivals, sporting events,
concerts, and promotional activities, if the city manager finds the
following:
(A) The length of time that the temporary lighting is to be
used is not longer than thirty days;
(B) The proposed lighting is designed in such a manner as
to minimize light pollution, light trespass, and glare as
much as feasible; and
(C) The proposed lighting will comply with the general
purpose of this section.
(k) Amortization: All exterior lighting fixtures which do not conform to the following
standards shall be brought into conformance no later than fifteen years from the date of
adoption of this section.
(1) Extension of Amortization Period: The city manager may extend the
amortization period of this section. The city manager shall provide a
compliance date for meeting the requirements of this section under a plan
whereby the owner's actual investment in the improvements before the
time that the use became non-standard under this section can be amortized
within a definite time period. The city manager shall consider the
following factors in determining a reasonable amortization period:
(A) The owner's investment in improvements and other
assets on the property before the time the improvements
became non-standard.
(B) Any costs that are directly attributable to the
establishment of a compliance date, including demolition
expenses, and reconstruction expenses.
(C) Any return on investment since inception of the use,
including net income and depreciation.
(D) The anticipated annual recovery of investment,
including net income and depreciation.
(2) Compliance Requirement: If the city manager establishes a compliance
date for a non-conforming use, the use must cease operations on that date
and it may not operate thereafter unless it meets the lighting standards of
the Boulder Revised Code.
(3) Appeal: A property owner that requested the extension of an
amortization period under this section that is aggrieved by any decision of
the city manager denying such an extension may appeal to the Board of
Zoning Adjustment by providing a notice to the city manager of the
owner's intent to appeal within fourteen days after receiving notice of the
city's decision. The hearing shall be held in conformance with the
requirements of Subsection 9-3.6-2(d), B.R.C. 1981.
(4) Exempt from Amortization Requirements: The following shall be
exempt from the amortization provisions, but not the shielding
requirements, of this section:
(A) Existing high pressure sodium and metal halide light
fixtures which do not exceed the maximum allowable light
levels of subsection (e) of this section by more than twenty
percent;
(B) Existing high pressure sodium and metal halide light
fixtures mounted on poles which exceed the maximum
allowable pole heights of subsection (e) of this section, but
do not exceed thirty-five feet in height, and do not exceed
the maximum allowable light levels of subsection (e) of
this section;
(C) Existing high pressure sodium and metal halide light
fixtures which exceed the maximum lumen ratings of
subsection (e) of this section, but comply with the
maximum allowable light levels of subsection (e) of this
section.
(5) Special Amortization Requirements: Notwithstanding the fifteen year
amortization period set forth above, the following types of fixtures or
bulbs shall be replaced sooner, as follows:
(A) RRg lacement of Unshielded Mercury Vapor Light
Fixtures: Existing unshielded mercury vapor light fixtures
shall be removed or replaced with a light fixture that meets
the requirement of this section by September 1, 2005.
(B) Replacement of Bulbs: To the extent that compliance
with this section can be achieved by replacement of a light
bulb, the light bulb shall be replaced with one that meets
the requirements of this section upon its failure or on
September 1, 2004, whichever is earlier.
(C) Aiming of Fixtures: To the extent that compliance with
this section can be achieved by reaiming a fixture, such
fixture shall be reaimed by September 1, 2004.
1015-1: PURPOSE AND INTENT:
10-15-1: PURPOSE AND INTENT:
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It is the intent of this chapter to define practical and effective measures by which the obtrusive
aspects of excessive and/or careless outdoor light usage can be minimized, while preserving
safety, security, and the nighttime use and enjoyment of property. These measures will curtail
the degradation of the nighttime visual environment by encouraging lighting practices that
direct appropriate amounts of light where and when it is needed, increasing the use of energy
efficient sources, and decreasing the wastage of light and glare resulting from over lighting and
poorly shielded or inappropriately directed lighting fixtures. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
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As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, certain words and
phrases shall mean the following:
DEVELOPMENT: Any residential, commercial, industrial or mixed use subdivision plan or
development plan, including, but not limited to, site development plans, planned development
overlays, subdivision plat or planned development plan, which is submitted to the city for
approval.
DIRECT ILLUMINATION: Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or
luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces such as
the ground or building faces.
DIRECTLY VISIBLE: Allowing a direct line of sight to the light source or lamp.
DISPLAY LOT OR AREA: Outdoor areas where active nighttime sales activity occurs and
where accurate color perception of merchandise by customers is required. To qualify as a
display lot, one of the following specific uses must occur on the lot: automobile sales, boat
sales, tractor sales, building supply sales, gardening or nursery sales, assembly lots, swap
meets. Uses not on this list must be approved as display lot uses by the community
development director.
FLOODLIGHT: A specific form of light or lamp designed to direct its output in a specific
direction and as a broad beam.
FOOT-CANDLE: A unit of illuminance being one lumen per square foot. It is the luminous flux
per unit area in the imperial system. One foot-candle equals approximately 10 (10.8) lux.
FULLY SHIELDED LIGHT FIXTURE: A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner that all
light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or indirectly by
reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected below the horizontal as
determined by photometric test or certified by the manufacturer. Any structural part of the light
fixture providing this shielding must be permanently affixed.
GLARE: The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is sufficiently
brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss
in visual performance and visibility; blinding light. The magnitude of glare depends on such
factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on the brightness level to which the
eyes are adapted.
ILLUMINANCE: The amount of light falling onto a unit area of surface (luminous flux per unit
area) measured in lumens per square meter (lux) or lumens per square foot (foot-candles).
ILLUMINATION ENGINEER: A professional engineer having received training in the
art/science of illumination.
LIGHT POLLUTION: Any adverse effect of manmade light.
LIGHT TRESPASS: Light falling where it is not wanted or needed, typically across property
boundaries.
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LIGHTING ZONES: The three (3) lighting zones are defined in this section. Guidelines used to
guide the delineation of the lighting zones are:
(A) Lighting Zone E-3: Includes land use zones B-1, B-2, B-3, PD-C, PD-I, CA, T and PD-X
as areas of high ambient lighting levels. This zone generally includes urban areas with
primary land uses for commercial, business and industrial activity, including highway
commercial and downtown districts.
(B) Lighting Zone E-2: Includes land use zones R-1, R-2, R-3, R-3X, R-5, CA and PD-R as
areas of medium ambient lighting levels. This zone generally includes suburban/urban
residential areas.
(C) Lighting Zone E-1: Includes land use zones A-1, R-S, R-L, and R-E as areas of low
ambient lighting levels. This zone generally includes rural residential and agricultural areas.
LUMEN: Unit of luminous flux; used to measure the amount of light emitted by lamps.
LUMINAIRE: The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, reflectors, lenses
and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light fixture. For
purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light fixture, lighting assemblies
which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded lamps on a single pole or standard shall
be considered as a single unit.
LUMINOUS TUBE: A glass tube filled with a gas or gas mixture (including neon, argon,
mercury or other gases), usually of small diameter (10-15 millimeters), caused to emit light by
the passage of an electric current, and commonly bent into various forms for use as decoration
or signs. A "neon" tube. Does not include common fluorescent tubes.
LUX: One lumen per square meter. Unit of illuminance. It is the luminous flux per unit area in
the metric system. One lux equals approximately 10 (10.8) foot-candles.
MULTIUSE LIGHTING: Any property having multiuse zoning or multiple approved uses are
required to use the more restrictive requirements of this code when two (2) or more uses are
approved.
NET ACREAGE: The remaining area after deleting all portions for proposed and existing public
roadways within a development parcel or subdivision. For parcels including those special uses
listed in section 10-15-6 of this chapter that are exempted from the lumens per acre caps of
section 10-15-4 of this chapter (recreational facilities, outdoor display), the area devoted to the
special use shall also be excluded from the net acreage. For development proposals improving
less than the entire parcel, the net acreage includes all areas included in the footprint of all
structures and site modifications or improvements, such as, but not limited to, setbacks or
buffer areas, parking lots, access drives, landscaping, and sidewalks, plus any applicable
setbacks that would apply to further potential developments on the remaining unimproved
parcel, and after deleting all portions for proposed and existing public roadways. An example of
this would be an office development only utilizing two (2) of three (3) possible acres for
structures, landscaping, and paved areas. The net acreage used in determining the allowable
lumens per acre would be two (2) acres.
OUTDOOR LIGHT FIXTURE: An outdoor illuminating device, outdoor lighting or reflective
surface, luminous tube, lamp or similar device, permanently installed or portable, used for
illumination, decoration, or advertisement. Such devices shall include, but are not limited to,
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10-15-2: DEFINITIONS:
lights used for:
(A) Parking lot lighting;
(B) Roadway lighting;
(C) Buildings and structures;
(D) Recreational areas;
(E) Landscape lighting;
(F) Billboards and other signs (advertising or other);
(G) Product display area lighting;
(H) Building or structure decoration;
(1) Building overhangs and open canopies;
(J) Spotlight;
(K) Floodlight.
http://66.113.195.234/CO[Littleton/13015000000002000.htm
OUTDOOR LIGHT OUTPUT, TOTAL: The initial total amount of light, measured in lumens,
from all lamps used in outdoor light fixtures. Includes all lights used for external illumination of
signs, but does riot include lights used to illuminate signs internally or luminous tubing used in
signs. For lamp types that vary in their output as they age (such as high pressure sodium,
fluorescent and metal halide), the initial lamp output, as defined by the manufacturer, is the
value to be considered. For determining compliance with section 10-15-4, "Shielding And Total
Outdoor Light Output Standards", of this chapter, the light emitted from lamps in outdoor light
fixtures is to be included in the total output as follows:
(A) Outdoor light fixtures installed on poles (such as parking lot luminaires) and light fixtures
installed on the sides of buildings or other structures, when not shielded from above by the
structure itself as defined in subsections B, C and D of this definition, are to be included in
the total outdoor light output by simply adding the initial lumen outputs of the lamps;
(B) Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage
decks), overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least
five feet (6) but less than ten feet (10') from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang
are to be included in the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-quarter
(0.25) of the lamp's rated initial lumen output;
(C) Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage
decks), overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located at least
ten feet (10') but less than thirty feet (30') from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang
are to be included in the total outdoor light output as though they produced only one-tenth
(0.10) of the lamp's rated initial lumen output.
(D) Outdoor light fixtures installed under canopies, buildings (including parking garage
decks), overhangs or roof eaves where all parts of the lamp or luminaire are located thirty
(30) or more feet from the nearest edge of the canopy or overhang are not to be included in
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the total outdoor light output. Such lamps must however conform to the lamp source and
shielding requirements of section 10-15-4 of this chapter.
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: An area designed for active recreation, whether publicly or
privately owned, including, but not limited to, baseball diamonds, soccer and football fields, golf
courses, tennis courts, and swimming pools.
SEARCHLIGHT: A lighting assembly designed to direct the output of a contained lamp in a
specific tightly focused direction (a beam) with a reflector located external to the lamp, and with
a swiveled mount to allow the assembly to be easily redirected. Such lights are used commonly
to sweep the sky for advertisement purposes.
SIGN, EXTERNALLY ILLUMINATED: A sign illuminated by light sources from the outside.
SIGN, INTERNALLY ILLUMINATED: A sign illuminated by light sources enclosed entirely
within the sign cabinet and not directly visible from outside the sign.
SPOTLIGHT: A form of lighting fixture designed to direct or project a spot of light illuminating a
defined spot or object by directing a narrow beam of light on a small area.
TEMPORARY LIGHTING: Lighting which does not conform to the provisions of this code and
which will not be used for more than one thirty (30) day period within a calendar year, with one
thirty (30) day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses which by their nature are of
limited duration; for example holiday decorations, civic events, or construction projects.
USE, ABANDONMENT OF: The relinquishment of a property, or the cessation of a use or
activity by the owner or tenant for a period of six (6) months, excluding temporary or short term
interruptions for the purpose of remodeling, maintaining, or otherwise improving or rearranging
a facility. A use shall be deemed abandoned when such use is suspended as evidenced by the
cessation of activities or conditions which constitute the principle use of the property. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
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10-15-3: APPLICABILITY:
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(A)New Uses, Buildings, Major Or Minor Additions Or Modifications To Outdoor Lighting: For all
proposed new land uses, developments, buildings, and structures that require an applicant
to process a site development plan, planned development plan, or planned development
overlay, all outdoor lighting fixtures shall meet the requirements of this chapter. Modification
or replacement of outdoor lighting, during the applicable, amortization period, shall require
the submission of a lighting plan that conforms to all sections of this chapter.
(B)Resumption Of Use After Abandonment: If a property or use with nonconforming lighting is
abandoned as defined in section 10-15-2 of this chapter, then all outdoor lighting shall be
reviewed and brought into compliance with this chapter before the use is resumed. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
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10-15-4: SHIELDING AND TOTAL OUTDOOR LIGHT OUTPUT STANDARDS:
(A)Shielding Standards: All outdoor lighting fixtures having initial output greater than or equal to
two thousand (2,000) lumens shall be fully shielded in all lighting zones. All outdoor lighting
fixtures having an initial output less than two thousand (2,000) lumens need not be fully
shielded, but shall not be aimed more than forty five degrees (45°) from the surface upon
which the fixture is mounted when the source is visible from any off site residential property
or public roadway. All outdoor lighting shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (D) of
this section not withstanding lumen limits otherwise applicable in this chapter.
(B)Total Outdoor Light Output Standards: Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the
following light output standards shall apply:
1. In the E-3 lighting zone, total outdoor light output shall not exceed two hundred thousand
(200,000) initial lumens per acre when all outdoor lighting fixtures are fully shielded and/or
twenty thousand (20,000) initial lumens per acre when nonfully shielded lighting fixtures are
used.
2. In the E-2 lighting zone, total outdoor light output shall not exceed one hundred thousand
(100,000) initial lumens per acre when all outdoor lighting fixtures are fully shielded and/or
twenty thousand (20,000) lumens per acre when nonfully shielded lighting fixtures are used.
3. In E-1 and E-2 lighting zones, where there are less than four (4) dwelling units per lot or
parcel, total light output shall not exceed ten thousand (10,000) lumens per acre for all
types of light fixtures, nor exceed six thousand (6,000) lumens per acre of nonfully shielded
light fixtures.
4. Each lot or parcel in the E-1 and E-2 lighting zones shall be allowed a minimum of six
thousand (6,000) lumens per lot or parcel, regardless of area.
(C)Acceptable Lamp Types: Metal halide, high pressure sodium, fluorescent, induction
incandescent, halogen, and low pressure sodium (allowed when combined with 25 percent
white light source to provide proper color rendition). Other bulb types may be substituted
with the approval of the community development director.
(D)Foot-Candle Limitations: No more than 0.1 foot-candle of light should be allowed, measured
at a point ten feet (10') beyond any property line, as a direct result of on site lighting
regardless of what type or types of outdoor lighting fixtures are used. When like commercial
or industrial uses abut each other the community development director may waive this
requirement if the following criteria are met:
1. The amount of light trespassing the property line is the minimum amount, or less,
required to achieve the Illumination Engineers Society of North America recommendation
for the proposed taskluse.
2. There are no residential uses abutting the subject site and/or the light trespass will not
reach the residential use.
(E)Lumens Per Development Acre: "Lumens per development acre" are calculated as follows:
Total of the initial lamp lumens for all lamps used, excluding those used for internal sign
illumination, those used in display lots, signs, and those under service station canopies,
divided by the acreage of the development.
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I0-15-4: SHIELDING AND TOTAL OUTDOOR LIGHT OUTPUT... http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/13015000000004000.htm
fl Effective Shielding Standard: All light fixtures that are required to be shielded shall be
installed and maintained in such a manner that the shielding is effective as described in the
definition in section 10-15-2 of this chapter for fully shielded fixtures.
(G)Light Trespass Standard: Beyond the shielding requirements of this section, all light fixtures
shall be located, aimed or shielded so as to minimize stray light trespassing across property
boundaries. Any lamp installed on a residential property and visible from any other
residential property must be shielded such that light trespass on the other residential
property does not exceed the limits of subsection (D) of this section.
(H)Multiuse Lighting Standard: Multiuse lighting must conform to the shielding and timing
restrictions, if any, that apply to the most restrictive use being proposed. (Ord. 1, Series of
2003)
2 of 2 1/5/2004 12:20 PM
10-15-5: OUTDOOR ADVERTISING SIGNS:
10-15-5: OUTDOOR ADVERTISING SIGNS:
http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/ I3015000000005000.htm
(A)Externally Illuminated Sign Standards: External illumination for signs shall conform to all
provisions of this chapter. In particular, such lighting shall comply with the lamp source,
shielding restrictions and lumen caps of section 10-15-4 of this chapter. All upward directed
sign lighting using lamps with initial lumens output of two thousand (2,000) or more are
prohibited.
(B)Internally Illuminated Sign Standards: Internally illuminated panels or decorations not
considered to be signage according to title 4, chapter 3 of this code (such as illuminated
canopy margins, light bands or building faces) shall be subject to the standards applicable
for such lighting, including, but not limited to, the lamp source, shielding standards and
lumens per acre caps of section 10-15-4 of this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-6: SPECIAL USES:
10-15-6: SPECIAL USES:
Outdoor Display Lots:
http://66.113.195.234/CO[Littleton/ 13015000000006000.htm
(A) Shielding: All display lot lighting shall utilize fully shielded luminaires that are installed in
a fashion that maintains the fully shielded characteristics.
(B) Off Site Spill: The display lot shall limit off site spill (off the parcel containing the display
lot) to a maximum of 0.1 foot-candle fifteen feet (15') past the property line on any
nonresidential property, and 0.1 foot-candle five feet (5') past the property line at any
location adjacent to residential property, as measurable from any orientation of the
measuring device.
(C) Certification: Every display lot lighting system design and installation shall be certified
by an illumination engineer as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this chapter.
(D) Foot-Candle Maximum: A maximum of thirty five (35) foot-candles in the display lot is
permitted. A five (5) foot-candle increase in the maximum allowance is allowable for
unforeseen design constraints. The applicant will be required to provide justification, to the
community development director, from an illumination engineer stating why the thirty five
(35) foot-candle maximum cannot be met.
(E) Development Of Acreage: Each display lot shall be limited to a maximum of thirty
percent (30%) of the development acreage.
Recreational Facilities:
(A) Lighting for outdoor athletic fields, courts or tracks in all lighting zones, shall be exempt
from the lumens per acre limits and shielding requirements of section 10-15-4 of this
chapter.
Service Station Canopies:
(A) Shielding: All luminaires mounted on or recessed into the lower surface of service
station canopies shall be fully shielded and utilize flat lenses. The edge of the canopy is not
considered to be a shielding source.
(B) Total Under Canopy Output: The total light output used for illuminating service station
canopies, defined as the sum of all under canopy initial bare lamp outputs in lumens, shall
not exceed sixty (60) lumens per square foot of canopy in lighting zone E-3. All lighting
mounted under the canopy, including, but not limited to, luminaires mounted on the lower
surface or recessed into the lower surface of the canopy and any lighting within signage or
illuminated panels over the pumps, is to be included toward the total at full initial lumen
output.
(C) Area: The area of any service station canopy shall be included in the net acreage when
determining total lumens per acre.
(D) Certification: Every service station canopy lighting system design and installation shall
be certified by an illumination engineer as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this
chapter.
1 of 2 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-6: SPECIAL USES:
http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/I 3015000000006000.htm
Other Lighting On Parcels With Special Uses: All lighting not directly associated with the
special use areas above shall conform to the lighting standards described in this chapter,
including, but not limited to, the lamp type and shielding requirements of section 10-15-4 of this
chapter and the lumens per acre limits of section 10-15-4 of this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of
2003)
2 of 2
1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-7: SUBMISSION OF PLANS AND EVIDENCE OF COMPL... http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/13015000000007000.htm
10-15-7: SUBMISSION OF PLANS AND EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH
CODE:
(A)Submission Contents: The applicant for any permit/development plan required by any
provision of this code in connection with any additions, parking lot changes, change of use,
or proposed work involving outdoor lighting fixtures shall submit (as part of the application
for permit/development plan) evidence that the proposed work will comply with this chapter.
Such evidence shall include, but not be limited to:
1. Plans indicating the location on the premises of all lighting fixtures, both proposed and
any already existing on the site;
2. Description of all lighting fixtures, both proposed and existing. The description may
include, but is not limited to, catalog cuts and illustrations by manufacturers (including
sections where required); lamp types, wattages and initial lumen outputs;
3. Photometric data, such as that furnished by manufacturers, or similar showing the angle
of cut off of light emissions.
4. Photometric plan showing foot-candle readings across the property extending ten feet
(10') past all property lines. All photometric plans submitted for display lots shall show
foot-candle readings fifteen feet (15') beyond all property lines.
(B)Additional Submission: The above required plans, descriptions and data shall be sufficiently
complete to enable the community development director to readily determine whether
compliance with the requirements of this chapter will be secured. If such plans, descriptions
and data do not enable this ready determination or the community development director
requests additional information, the applicant shall additionally submit evidence of
compliance to enable such determination. Certified reports of tests will do so provided that
these tests shall have been performed and certified by a recognized testing laboratory.
(C)lamp Or Fixture Substitution: Should any outdoor light fixture or the type of light source
therein is to be changed after the permit has been issued, a change request must be
submitted to the community development director for approval, together with adequate
information to assure compliance with this chapter, which must be received before
substitution.
(D)Plan Approval: If the community development director determines that the proposed lighting
does not comply with this chapter, the permit shall not be issued or the plan approved.
(E)Certification Of Installation: For all projects where the total initial output of the proposed
lighting equals or exceeds one hundred thousand (100,000) lamp lumens, certification that
the lighting, as installed, conforms to the approved plans shall be provided by an
illumination engineer before the certificate of occupancy is issued. Until this certification is
submitted, approval for use of a certificate of occupancy shall not be issued for the project.
(Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-8: APPROVED MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONS... http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littletordl3015000000008000.htm
10-15-8: APPROVED MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OR
INSTALLATION/OPERATION:
(A)The provisions of this chapter are not intended to prevent the use of any design, material, or
method of installation or operation not specifically prescribed by this chapter, provided any
such alternative has been approved by the community development director. The
community development director may approve an alternative provided that it:
1. Provides equivalence to the applicable requirements of this chapter, or
2. Is otherwise satisfactory and complies with the intent of this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of
2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-9: PROHIBITIONS: http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/13015000000009000.htm
10-15-9: PROHIBITIONS:
(A)Laser Source Light: The use of laser source light or any similar high intensity light for
outdoor advertising or entertainment, when projected above the horizontal, is prohibited.
(B)Searchlights: The operation of searchlights for advertising purposes is prohibited. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-10: TEMPORARY EXEMPTIONS:
10-15-10: TEMPORARY EXEMPTIONS:
http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/ l3015000000010000.h tm
(A)Exemption Request: Any person may submit, on a form prepared by the city of Littleton, to
the community development director, a temporary exemption request. The request shall
contain the following information:
1. Specific exemption(s) requested;
2. Duration of requested exemption(s);
3. Proposed location on premises of the proposed light fixture(s);
4. Purpose of proposed lighting;
5. Information for each luminaire and lamp combination as required in section 10-15-4 of
this chapter;
6. Previous temporary exemptions, if any, and addresses of premises thereunder;
7. Such other data and information as may be required by the designated official.
(B)Approval; Duration: The community development director shall have five (5) business days
from the date of a complete submission of the request for temporary exemption to act, in
writing, on the request. If approved, the exemption shall be valid for not more than thirty
(30) days from the date of issuance of the approval. The approval shall be renewable upon
further written request, at the discretion of the community development director, for a
maximum of one additional thirty (30) day period. The designated official is not authorized
to grant more than one temporary permit and one renewal for a thirty (30) day period for the
same property within one calendar year.
(C)Disapproval; Appeal: If the request for temporary exemption or its extension is disapproved,
the person making the request will have the appeal rights provided in section 10-15-12 of
this chapter. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-11: OTHER EXEMPTIONS: http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/13015000000011000.htm
10-15-11: OTHER EXEMPTIONS:
(A)Seasonal Lighting: Seasonal lighting and decorations using typical low wattage
incandescent lamps.
(B)School Districts: Compliance with this code is encouraged.
(C)Emergency Lighting: Emergency lighting, used by police, firefighting, or medical personnel,
or at their direction, is exempt from all requirements of this code for as long as the
emergency exists.
(D)Swimming Pool And Fountain Lighting: Underwater lighting used for the illumination of
swimming pools and fountains is exempt from the lamp type and shielding standards of
section 10-15-4 of this chapter, though it must conform to all other provisions of this
chapter.
(E)Street And Sidewalk Lighting: Street lighting and walkway lighting owned and operated by
the city of Littleton are exempt from these regulations.
(F)The use of nonshielded decorative "Sternberg" type lights are exempt from these
regulations with respect to shielding requirements. When used on any specific site the total
lumens output will be calculated in the overall maximum allowance.
A maximum lumens output of each nonshielded decorative light pole or bollard can not
exceed six thousand (6,000) lumens and are included in each property's maximum
allowable lumens per acre. In addition, all clear glass reflectors/refractors are not permitted.
Pedestrianways, drive aisles, parking lots should all be lighted by fully shielded fixtures and
not decorative poles. The development review committee shall make the final judgment on
all design issues related to the installation of decorative light poles on commercial property.
(G)Flagpole and monument lighting are exempt from these lighting requirements. (Ord. 1,
Series of 2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-12: APPEALS: http://66.113.195.234/CO/LittletoiV13015000000012000.htm
10-15-12: APPEALS:
Any person substantially aggrieved by any decision of the community development director
made in administration of the chapter has to appeal to the board of adjustment. The following
criteria must be met in order for the board of adjustment to grant relief from this chapter:
(A)The proposed vaAance request is based upon a specific hardship that is unique to the site
and is directly ttri utable to existing topographical conditions that do not allow the
applicant to meet all sections of this chapter.
(B)The proposed s-rrequest shall at no time allow proposed light levels to exceed the
maximum lumen limits of this chapter.
(C)The proposed n Ce request may not be based upon existing lumen levels on adjacent
properties locXd outside the city of Littleton.
(D)The proposed v ~ requests must meet the overall intent of this chapter to eliminate
glare, light pollution and light trespass. (Ord. 1, Series of 2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-13: AMORTIZATION PERIOD:
10-15-13: AMORTIZATION PERIOD:
http://66.113.195.234/CO/Littleton/I 3015000000013000.htm
All outdoor lighting fixtures lawfully installed before and operable on the effective date hereof
which do not meet the requirements of this chapter are deemed to be nonconforming outdoor
lighting fixtures. Any nonconforming outdoor lighting fixture, or site within the E-1 or E-2 lighting
zone shall conform to the provisions of this chapter within five (5) years of the effective date
hereof. Any nonconforming outdoor lighting fixture, or site within the E-3 lighting zone shall
conform to the provisions of this chapter within five (5) years of the effective date hereof. (Ord.
1, Series of 2003)
1 of 1 115/2004 12:21 PM
10-15-14: PENALTIES:
10-15-14: PENALTIES:
http://66.113.195,234/CO/Littleton/ 13015000000014000.httn
It shall be unlawful for any person, partnership, firm or corporation to violate any provision of
this chapter, or as same may be amended from time to time. Any violations shall be punishable
as set forth in section 1-4-1 of this code. In addition to any other penalties, any violation of this
chapter is also a public nuisance, which a court of competent jurisdiction shall enjoin. The city
attorney may also obtain legal or equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction. (Ord.
1, Series of 2003)
1 of 1 1/5/2004 12:22 PM
Case No.:
App: Last Name:
App: First N ame:
Owns r: Last Name:
Owner: First Nam e:
App Addre ss:
City, State Z ip:
App: Pho ne:
Owner Address:
City/St ate/Zip:
Owner Phone:
Project Address:
Street Name :
City/State, Zip:
Case Disposition:
Project Planner:
File Lo cation:
Not es:
Follow- Up:
FA0404 Quarter Section Map N o.:
[Citywide, Related Cases:
Case Histor y: mend code concerning
lighting standards
Review Body: pC
APN:-_~-
2nd Revie w Body: CC
2nd Review Date I
Decision-making Body CC
Appro val/Denial Date:
Re so/Ordinance No.: ~r-
I-- Conditions of Approval:
hite
etive_
District:
Date Rec eived: /19/2004.
Pre-App Date: r-
Seasons
Winter solstice Spring Equinox
Fall equinox Summer solstice
• Weather we experience doesn't fall neatly into these
seasons
3. Calculating Noon Sun Angle
Principle:
For every 1 ° of latitude we move away from the location where
the sun is directly overhead, the altitude drops by 1 °
Problem: What is the altitude of the sun at noon in
Bloomington on June 21?
See additional problems on the web
http://www.indiana.edu/ geogl09/topics/earth-sun/earth_sun.html
Steps
1. Where (latitude) is the sun directly overhead?
(somewhere between 23.50 N - 23.50 S; Fig. 2-13)
2. What is the difference in latitude between the place of
interest and where it is overhead?
(Note: may need to cross equator)
3. Subtract the latitudinal difference from 90° (altitude of the
sun where it is directly overhead) w+ noon sun angle
Report the answer with UNITS
• Circle of Illumination - splits day and night (light and dark)
[lab 1]
Causes of variations in sun angle & length of day
• Earth's orientation to sun continually changes
• Earth's axis is tilted at 23'/2°
• Axis remains pointed in the same direction (N star, Polaris)
as it journeys around the sun
orientation of the earth's axis to the sun's rays always
changing
• Changes with latitude & longitude (i.e. length of day)
• 4 days of special significance
• based on the annual "migration" of the direct rays of the
sun yearly cycle (see 4 F.,ig 2 1.~)
Date
Sun directly
Northern
Southern
Overhead
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
June 21-22
Tropic of Cancer
23'/2° N
Sep 22-23
Equator
0°
Dec 21-22
Tropic of Capricorn
23'/2°S
Mar 21-22
Equator
0°
• influences day length
NH - longest day
SH - longest night
Equinox - 12 h day/night
3. Earth-Sun Geom
Introduction
• The Sun is the only important source of energy for the
Earth/Atmosphere system
• On global scale: motions of the atmosphere are a direct
response to latitudinal and seasonal changes of radiation
reaching the surface
• Primary influence on how much solar energy is received
on Earth:
• distance the solar radiation needs to travel
• angle at which solar radiation hits Earth
• composition of atmosphere (see Ch. 1)
• Earth:
• part of the solar system (planets, asteroids, etc)
• moves regularly around the sun
• gravitational attraction to the sun earth's orbit
• affected by the "gravitational pull" of other bodies within
the solar system
1. Orbital Geometry
Earth has two Principal Motions
a) Rotation - each day the earth rotates on its own axis
• Axis - imaginary line that runs through the planet
between the North (N) and South (S) poles
• Looking down at the N pole - rotates counter clockwise
• This rotation gives us day & night
• 24 h period to complete rotation
b) Revolution
• As earth rotates it also revolves around the sun
• 365'/4 days (a year) to complete an orbit around the sun
• elliptical path
P
P: Perihelion
Jan 3
147 x 106 km
min distance
A: Aphelion
Jul 4
152 x 106 km
max distance
A
Aphelion/Perihelion: - 6% change in distance
plays only a minor role in seasonal To variations
2) SEASONS (Cd rom Tutorial 1)
• Tilt of Earth leads to variations in solar position (ol'a'C
altitude = angle of sun above the horizon)
• Tilt of Earth leads to variations in day length amount of
over time
A) Sun's Altitude - key to change in seasons
• Altitude - angle of the sun above the horizon
• Zenith - angle of the sun from vertical (straight above)
• Summer - sun high above the horizon
• Winter - sun low on the horizon
Sun's altitude variations: influence on amount of energy
received at Earth's surface in 2 ways:
a) energy concentration / intensity
b) atmospheric path length
cap
(a)
Rays overhead (90°)
more concentrated
More intense
• Lower angle (oblique)
• Larger area illuminated
• less intense
b) Angle of sun determines the amount of atmosphere that the
sun rays have to traverse
• Longer the path - greater the chance for absorption,
reflection, scattering by the atmosphere
reduces the intensity of radiation at the surface
B) Length of day- energy accumulation
• If we look at earth on any given day only places at a
particular latitude will receive vertical rays (90°)
• As move N or S the sun's ray will strike at ever decreasing
angle (see A&B Figu°res 2 }12 fio 2 14)
• Length of day (sun above horizon) varies:
• Seasonally
• Geographically (latitude) (see
Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math Pagel of 3
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Angle of Sun's Rays
Date: 05/03/99 at 17:18:26
From: Ken Mullen
Subject: Determining angles
How could you determine the angle at which the sun's light hits the
earth at any given point? (The two lines that form the angle are the
surface of the earth, and the sun ray.) I have no idea how to figure
it out. Thank you!
Date: 05/05/99 at 12:22:17
From: Doctor Jeff
Subject: Re: Determining angles
Hello, Ken.
To answer this question, you need to know a little trigonometry.
Specifically, in the right triangle below, the tangent of angle A is
defined as y/x.
For example, if angle A were equal to 60 degrees, then
tanA = y/x = tan(60) = sgrt(3)/l = sgrt(3)
/I
/ I
/ I
/ I
/ ly
/ I
/ I
/ I
A /
x
Here are a couple other common tangents:
tan(30) = sgrt(3)/3
tan(45) = 1/1 = 1
You can find an approximation for tanA when angle A is unfamiliar by
using a scientific or graphing calculator.
http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/54121.html 8/11/2003
Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math
Now we're ready to look at your problem.
I_I
sun
/I
light /
ray /
/ Iobject
/ lof known
/ Iheight
/ I
/ I
A / I
shadow
of object
Page 2 of 3
The best way to measure angle A, the angle made by the light ray and
the earth, is to place an object of known height - perhaps a yardstick
- perpendicular to the ground. Then measure the length of its shadow.
As you can see by the picture,
length of object
tanA =
length of object's shadow
One method for finding A is to hope that tanA is one of the common
ones mentioned earlier. For instance, if the length of the object is 3
and the length of its shadow is 3, then
tanA = 3/3 = 1/1 = 1
We already know that the angle that gives us a tangent of 1 is 45
degrees, so we just found A. Most of the time, however, you will have
to use a calculator to determine the angle A. For example, if the
object's length is 8 and its shadow is 5, we get
tanA = 8/5
We need to introduce the term "arctangent." For
tanA = y/x,
arctan(y/x) = A, so
A = arctan(y/x)
So, in the above example, to find A, we just take arctan(8/5). Using
a calculator, we find that A is approximately equal to 58 degrees. If
you are having a hard time finding the arctangent button on your
calculator, it probably looks like
TAN
-1
Hope this explanation helped. If you need clarification, please write
http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/54121.html 8/11/2003